Malire okwera komanso otsika a shuga

Glucose ndiye chinthu champhamvu chomwe maselo a thupi lathu amadya. Chifukwa cha glucose, zovuta zamtunduwu zimachitika, zopatsa mphamvu zofunika zimapangidwa. Vutoli limapezeka kwambiri m'chiwindi, popanda chakudya chokwanira, glucose mu mawonekedwe a glycogen amatulutsidwa m'magazi.

Pazachipatala zovomerezeka mulibe mawu oti "shuga wamagazi", lingaliro limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polankhula. Pali mashuga ambiri mwachilengedwe, ndipo thupi lathu limagwiritsa ntchito shuga yekha.

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi msinkhu wa munthu, chakudya, nthawi ya tsiku, kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi komanso kupezeka kwa zovuta zina. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumachuluka kuposa momwe zimakhalira, shuga imati.

Kusamala kwa glucose kumayendetsedwa nthawi zonse, kumatha kuchepa kapena kuchuluka, izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zosowa za thupi. Momwe zimapangitsa kuti pulogalamu yovuta ngati iyi ikhale ndi insulin ya mahomoni, yomwe imapangidwa ndi zisumbu za Langerhans, komanso adrenaline - mahomoni a adrenal glands.

Izi ziwalo zikaonongeka, njira yoyendetsera bwino imalephera, chifukwa chake, kukula kwa matendawa kumayamba, kagayidwe kachakudya kamasokonekera.

Pamene matendawa akupita, ma pathologies osasintha a ziwalo ndi machitidwe amawonekera.

Kodi shuga ndimagazi ndimomwe amatsimikizidwira?

Kuyesedwa kwa glucose kumachitika kuchipatala chilichonse, nthawi zambiri njira zitatu zothandizira kudziwa shuga zimachitidwa:

1. orthotoluidine;
2. shuga oxidase;
3. Ferricyanide.

Njirazi zidalumikizidwa mu 70s ya zaka zapitazi, ndizodalirika, zothandiza, zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zimapezeka, kutengera mphamvu ya mankhwala omwe ali ndi shuga m'magazi.

Pakuphunziraku, madzi amtundu amapangidwa, omwe, pogwiritsa ntchito chipangizo chapadera, amayesedwa kuti awonjezere mtunduwo, kenako ndikusunthidwa ndikuwonetsa.

Zotsatira zake zimaperekedwa ku bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi lotengedwa ngati muyeso wa zinthu zasungunuka - mg pa 100 ml, mamilimita pa lita imodzi ya magazi. Kutembenuza mg / ml kukhala mmol / L, nambala yoyamba iyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi 0.0555. Muyenera kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'maphunziro ndi njira ya ferricyanide nthawi zonse kumakhala kokwera pang'ono kuposa njira zina zowunikira.

Kuti mupeze zotsatira zolondola kwambiri, mudzafunika kupereka magazi kuchokera kumunwe kapena mu mtsempha, izi zimachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu komanso osakwana maola 11 tsiku. Asanapange kusanthula, wodwala sayenera kudya chilichonse kwa maola 8-14, mutha kumwa madzi osagwiritsa ntchito mpweya. Tsiku loti magazi asanakwane, ndikofunikira kuti musamadye mopambanitsa, osamwa mowa. Kupanda kutero, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kovomereza data yolakwika.

Mukamasanthula magazi a venous, zovomerezeka ndizowonjezereka ndi 12 peresenti, zizindikiro zoyenera:

• magazi a capillary - kuchokera ku 4.3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / l;
• venous - kuyambira 3.5 mpaka 6.1 mmol / l.

Palinso kusiyana pakati pa ziwerengero za magazi athunthu omwe ali ndi misempha ya plasma.

World Health Organisation ikulingalira kuti izitha kuganizira malire a shuga a magazi kuti apezeke matenda a shuga: magazi athunthu (kuchokera kumitsempha, chala) - 5.6 mmol / l, plasma - 6.1 mmol / l. Kuti mudziwe mtundu wanji wa shuga womwe ungakhale wabwinobwino kwa munthu wazaka zopitilira 60, ndikofunikira kukonza zotsatira ndi 0.056.

Kuti magazi a shuga aziyimira pawokha, wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kugula chipangizo chapadera, glucometer, chomwe mumphindi zochepa chimapereka zotsatira zolondola.

Malangizo

Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala ndi malire komanso otsika, amatha kusiyanasiyana mwa ana ndi akulu, koma palibe kusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi.

Mwa ana ochepera zaka 14, zikhalidwe zimachokera pa 2.8 mpaka 5.6 mmol / l, pazaka za 14 mpaka 59, chizindikiro ichi ndi 4.1-5.9 mmol / l, mwa munthu wamkulu kuposa zaka 60, malire apamwamba a chizolowezi ndi 4 , 6, ndipo pansi ndi 6.4 mmol / L.

Zaka za mwana zimagwira ntchito yake:

• mpaka mwezi 1 chizolowezi ndi 2.8-4.4 mmol / l;
• kuyambira mwezi umodzi mpaka zaka 14 - 3.3-5.6 mmol / l.

Mulingo wofanana ndi shuga mumagulu azimayi panthawi yoyembekezera ndi 3.3 - 6.6 mmol / l, ngati chizindikiro chapamwamba kwambiri, tikulankhula za mtundu wina wa shuga. Izi zimapereka chofunikira chotsatira dotolo.

Kuti mumvetsetse momwe thupi limagwirira kuyamwa shuga, muyenera kudziwa momwe phindu lake limasinthira mukatha kudya, masana.

Zotsatira

Atalandira zotsatira za kusanthula, endocrinologist amawerengera kuchuluka kwa shuga monga: yabwinobwino, yayitali, yotsika.

Kuchulukitsa kwa anthu ambiri kwa shuga ndi hyperglycemia. Vutoli limawonedwa ndi mitundu yonse ya zovuta zaumoyo:

1. matenda a shuga;
2. matenda a ziwalo za endocrine dongosolo;
3. matenda a chiwindi;
4. aakulu ndi kutupa pachimake ndondomeko kapamba;
5. neoplasms mu kapamba;
6. myocardial infarction;
7. sitiroko;
8. matenda a impso kugwirizana ndi kusokonezeka kwa kusefera;
9. cystic fibrosis.

Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga kumatha kuchitika mu njira zotsatsira zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ma antibodies ku hormone insulin.

Shuga pamalire a chizolowezi ndipo pamwamba pake amatha kukhala chifukwa chapanikizika, kulimbitsa thupi mwamphamvu, kupsinjika mtima. Zofunikazi ziyeneranso kufunidwa pakugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagulu ambiri, zizolowezi zoipa, kumwa mahomoni a steroid, estrogens ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi caffeine wambiri.

Kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi kapena hypoglycemia ndikotheka ndi khansa ya adrenal gland, chiwindi, kusokonekera kwa dongosolo la endocrine, matenda a pancreatic, cirrhosis, hepatitis, kuchepa kwa chithokomiro.

Kuphatikiza apo, shuga wochepa amapezeka poizoni wa zinthu zoopsa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwambiri a insulin, anabolics, amphetamine, salicylates, kusala kudya kwa nthawi yayitali, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi mopitirira muyeso.

Ngati mayi ali ndi matenda ashuga, mwana wake wakhanda amakhalanso ndi shuga wochepa kwambiri.

Njira zoyenera kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda ashuga

Ndikotheka kuzindikira matenda a shuga ngakhale atakhala amitundu, pomangopereka magazi kwa shuga. Ngati muyamba kuchokera kumawu osavuta, prediabetes imawerengedwa monga zizindikiritso za shuga m'gulu la 5.6-6.0 mmol / L. Kuzindikira kwa matenda a shuga kumapangidwa ngati malire apansi akuchokera ku 6.1 ndi pamwamba.

Kuzindikira kopanda kukayika ndi kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro za matendawa komanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Mu izi, mosasamala kanthu ndi chakudya, shuga amakhala pamlingo wa 11 mmol / l, ndipo m'mawa - 7 mmol / l kapena kupitilira.

Ngati zotsatira za kusanthula ndizokayikira, palibe zizindikiro zoonekeratu zomwe zimayang'aniridwa, komabe, pali zochitika zowopsa, kuyezetsa nkhawa kumasonyezedwa. Kafukufuku wotereyu amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito shuga, dzina lina posanthula ndi kuyesa kwa glucose, kupindika kwa shuga.

Njirayi ndi yosavuta, sizifunikira ndalama, sizibweretsa kusapeza bwino. Choyamba, amapereka magazi kuchokera m'mitsempha pamimba yopanda kanthu, izi ndizofunikira kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwa shuga. Kenako, magalamu 75 a shuga amasungunuka mu kapu yamadzi ofunda oyeretsedwa ndikupatsidwa kwa wodwalayo kuti amwe (mwana amawerengedwa muyezo wa 1.75 g pa kilogalamu ya kulemera). Pambuyo pamphindi 30, 1 ndi maola awiri, magazi amatengedwanso kukayezetsa.

Chofunika pakati pa kuwunika koyamba ndi komaliza:

• lekani kusuta ndudu, kudya chakudya, madzi;
• Zochita zilizonse zolimbitsa thupi ndizoletsedwa.

Kubwereza mayeso ndikosavuta: Zizindikiro za shuga ziyenera kukhala zabwinobwino (kapena zikhale pamphepete mwa malire) musanadye madzi. Momwe kulolera kwa glucose kumayipa, kuwunikira kwakanthawi kudzawonetsa 10,0 m'magazi a venous ndi 11.1 mmol / L mu capillary. Pambuyo maola 2, ndende imakhalabe yochepa. Izi zikuwonetsa kuti shuga woledzera samamwa, amakhala m'magazi.

Mulingo wa glucose ukakwera, impso zimaleka kuthana nawo, shuga amathira mkodzo. Chizindikiro ichi chimatchedwa glucosuria mu shuga. Glucosuria ndi njira inanso yowonjezera pakuzindikira matenda ashuga.

Zambiri pazokhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi zimaperekedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.