Ndi ma mahomoni otani omwe kapamba wamunthu amapanga?

Chimbudzi (kapamba) ndi cholocha cha m'mimba mwa timimba. Mwa anthu, kapamba amapezeka m'mimba, m'mimba, kutanthauza kuti kumbuyo kwa peritoneum.

Imalumikizana bwino m'mimba komanso mitengo yayikulu yam'mimba, yomwe imalongosola kukula kwake kwamitsempha. Chifukwa chachilendo cha topical, zochitika zamatenda zilizonse, makamaka zotupa, ndizowopsa kwa anthu.

Pancreas ili ndi magawo awa:

• mutu wokhala ndi process-hook., womwe umaphimba duodenum, mzere wokhala ndi chotchinga cha portal umalekanitsa mutu ndi thupi la kapamba;
• thupi lili ndi mawonekedwe a pembera, ndipo kutsogolo kuyang'anizana ndi khoma lakumbuyo kwam'mimba, moyang'anizana ndi msana, kumbuyo kwa m'mimba ndi ziwiya zina;
• mchira umakhala ngati peyala.

Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi ma ducts awiri - akulu ndi ang'ono, omwe amalumikizana ndi wamba bile duct ndikuyenda mu lumen ya duodenum 12. Kuchepetsa uku kumatsegula kudzera pa duilla wamkulu wa duodenal.

Kodi chimapangitsa kuti zikondamoyo zikhale zachani?

Chowoneka cha gland ndikuti chimaphatikizana nthawi imodzi ntchito ziwiri - exo ndi endocrine.

Ambiri mwa limba amayimiriridwa ndi gawo lotulutsa (exocrine). Ndiye kuti, gawo ili la ma pancreas secrete enzymes ofunikira kuti chimbudzi chikhale ndi gawo lapansi la chimbudzi.

Gawo laling'onolo ndi endocrine. Ndiye kuti, ntchito yake ndimayendedwe ndi kubisalira kwa mahomoni ofunika m'magazi.

Mu gawo la exocrine, ma enzyme angapo am'mimba amapangidwa:

1. Mapulogalamu.
2. Lipase.
3. Amilazu.
4. Zama.

Kuti michere ipangidwe moyenerera, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mtundu wina wa zakudya:

1. Muyenera kudya pafupipafupi.
2. Kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa nthawi imodzi kuyenera kukhala kochepa.
3. Zakudya ziyenera kukhala zoperewera.

Kuphatikiza apo, kumwa mowa wamphamvu komanso zakudya zamagulu ochulukirapo kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.

Izi ndichifukwa choti kaphatikizidwe ka zinthu za enzymatic ndimachitidwe opundika kwa kapamba. Zowonongeka zilizonse zimatha kubweretsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu kwa ntchito.

Endocrine pancreatic lobe imayimiridwa ndi malo ocheperako okhala ndi zisumbu za Langerhans. Zoyipa zachinsinsi za alpha, beta ndi gamma zili kuzilumba izi. Pamafunso omwe kapamba amapanga, nthawi zambiri, odwala zimawavuta kuyankha kapena kukumbukira insulin.

Mahoroni otsatirawa amapangidwa ndi kapamba mu gawo la endocrine:

• insulin;
• glucagon;
• somatostatin;
• pancreatic polypeptide;
• mzukwa.

Ma mahomoni opangidwa mu minofu yathupi amatenga mbali yogwira pafupifupi munjira zonse za metabolic zomwe zimachitika mthupi.

Makhalidwe a michere ya pancreatic

Mwa munthu wathanzi, chitsulo chimatha kupanga ma enzyme otsatirawa omwe amasiyana pazogwira ntchito zawo.

Protease ndi enzyme yomwe imaphwanya mapuloteni mwa kuphwanya zomangira za peptide pakati pa amino acid. Chifukwa cha proteinase, dongosolo logaya chakudya laumunthu limatha kugaya zakudya zama protein, kuphatikizapo nyama, nyemba, nsomba, mkaka, ndi zina zambiri. Kuti athandize kugaya chakudya cha mapuloteni, chakudya chotafuna kwathunthu chikulimbikitsidwa kuti apange mtanda umodzi wa chakudya. Njirayi ithandizira kwambiri ntchito za kapamba. Ndi pogaya bwino zinthu - mapuloteni akuluakulu amalowa m'mimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yama protein ikhale yambiri.

Lipase ndi chothandizira pakuwonongeka kwa mafuta. Chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika ndi lipase, mafuta amalowetsedwa bwino m'thupi. Popanda iyo, kuyamwa kwa mafuta acids ofunikira monga omega-3 ndi omega-6 acids ndizosatheka. Kuphatikiza pa lipase, cholesterase, lipase yeniyeni yam'mimba ndi m'mimba, imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mafuta.

Amylase ndi chinthu cha enzyme chomwe chimalimbikitsa kuwonongeka kwa wowuma ndi ma polysaccharides ena mu oligo - ndi monosaccharides. Ndiye kuti, ntchito yake ndi "kukonza" chakudya. Pali mitundu ingapo ya amylase: alpha, beta ndi gamma. Kuphatikiza kwake m'magazi ndi chofunikira chodziwitsa pancreatic pathologies. Zakudya zamafuta ambiri zimaphatikizapo zakudya zonse zotsekemera, zipatso, zipatso zokoma, chimanga, ndi zinthu zophika. Nthawi zambiri zopatsa mphamvu zamagulu m'zakudya zimaphatikizidwa ndi mafuta, chakudya chotere chimatchedwa - kuphatikizidwa ndi BZHU. Zakudya zoterezi zimabweretsa nkhawa zina m'maselo a England. Wothandizira pancreatic pakugaya chakudya chamafuta ndi timinyewa timene timayambira, timene timapangitsanso amylase. Kuwonongeka kwa chakudya kumayambira kale pamlomo wamkamwa. Zakudya zomanga thupi zilizonse zimaphulika kukhala mamolekyulu a monosaccharide.

Trypsin imathandizanso pakuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni. Ndiye kuti ma enzymes a exocrine pancreas ndi gawo logwira ntchito la omwe amatchedwa "chimbudzi cham'mimba".

Kuchuluka kwa michere ya pancreatic imatha kusiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu ndi chakudya. Mwachitsanzo, pakudya chakudya chamafuta ambiri, ma cell a ma pancreatic amapanga chakudya cham'mimba, chomwe chimasungunula ma polysaccharides ndi starch (amylase), komanso michere yocheperako.

Kusalephera kudya kosavomerezeka kungapangitse matenda osiyanasiyana.

Kodi ma kapamba amapanga mahomoni ati?

Insulin ndiye mahomoni odziwika kwambiri a kapamba. Amapangidwa m'maselo a beta a islets.

Imayang'anira kulowerera kwa glucose m'maselo, imalimbikitsa kupangika kwa glycogen m'chiwindi, komanso imathandizira kapangidwe ka lipids ndi mapuloteni. "Ulemerero" wake umalumikizidwa ndi matenda ofala kwambiri azikhalidwe - matenda ashuga.

Matenda a shuga a mellitus (DM) ndi matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha matenda obisika kapena chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito insulin. Pali mitundu iwiri ya matenda ashuga: yoyamba ndi yachiwiri. Pazosintha zoyambirira, wodwalayo amapanga wachibale kapena insulin yokwanira, chachiwiri - maselo "amataya" maphikidwe omwe amadziwa zochita za insulin.

Ndi mitundu iwiri yamatendawa, wodwalayo amakula hyperglycemia, yomwe imafunikira kuchipatala. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti hormone iyi imaphimbidwa kwambiri mu sayansi, ndiye kuti, akatswiri azachipatala amadziwa bwino zonse zomwe zimapangidwa ndi insulin.

Adrenal hormone adrenaline imasiyananso ndi insulin. Imayambitsa kutuluka kwa glycogen m'chiwindi, pomwe insulin, m'malo mwake, "imasunga".

Glucagon ndi timadzi tomwe timatulutsa "insulin" kwathunthu. Ngati, insulin ikatsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndiye kuti glucogon, m'malo mwake, imakulitsa kuchuluka kwake kwa hypoglycemia.

Somatostatin ndi timadzi tomwe timatulutsa timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timapezeka. Chachilendo chake ndikuti kuwonjezera pa izi, zimapangidwa mu hypothalamus, gawo lapakati la neuroendocrine.

Zimalepheretsa katulutsidwe ka somatoliberin mu hypothalamus, komanso katulutsidwe ka somatotropin ndi thyrotropin mu gust wakunja wa pituitary. Imalepheretsanso kaphatikizidwe ka serotonin.

Kuphwanya kapangidwe ka somatostatin kungayambitse kukula kwa matenda monga gigantism ndi acromegaly. Kuphatikiza apo, kuperewera kwake kumakwiyitsa kukula kwa matenda a chithokomiro.

Pancreatic polypeptide imasungidwa ndi maselo a PP a pancreatic islets. Amayambitsa zolepheretsa katulutsidwe ka pancreatic ndi kukondoweza kwa secretion ya chapamimba.

Ghrelin ndi mahomoni odziwika pang'ono, koma pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa zachilendo zomwe amachita. Ndiye amene "amalimbitsa" chidwi chake.

Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za kapamba

Chitsulo chimabisa ma enzymes ambiri ofunikira kuti mugayike bwino. "Madzi" a pancreatic ali, kuphatikiza ma enzyme, ma bicarbonate ena. Bicarbonate imalepheretsa msuzi wam'mimba kudzera mwa kulowerera.

Kubisika kwa kapamba kumasonkhanitsidwa mumizere yaying'ono, komwe kumaphatikiza ndi duct wamba wa bile ndikutseguka ndikuwunikira kwa duodenum. Chiwalocho chili ndi mawonekedwe oonda. Pakati pazigawo zake pali "zisumbu zamagetsi" zomwezo zomwe zilibe njira zotuluka. M'masinthidwe, mahomoni amabisidwa omwe amakhudza kagayidwe kazachilengedwe.

Ma enzymes omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mapuloteni amapangidwa m'thupi momwe amapangira ma enzyme omwe amadziwika kuti. Awo kutsegula amafuna enieni matumbo enzyme, enterokinase. Enterokinase imakhazikika mu matumbo a ntchofu. Mwachitsanzo, trypsin imawonekera kuchokera ku trypsinogen pansi pa entokinase.

Makina oterewa a kapangidwe ka michere, ndi momwe amathandizira kunja kwa kapamba, amalepheretsa chodabwitsa chodzimbidwa. Ngati zinthu zofunikirazo zitasungidwa mwachindunji mu kapamba, mwamunayo akhoza kufa nthawi yomweyo.

Pofuna kugwira ntchito kwa mbali ya kapamba, kapangidwe kake ka humali kofunikanso. Zomwe zimapangitsa ntchito yake ndi: gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin.

Amabisidwa ndimatumbo ndi m'mimba. Ntchito yawo imalimbikitsidwa ndi ma neuron omwe "amadzuka" makhoma a ziwalo atakulungidwa ndi chyme.

Matenda ofunika kwambiri a kapamba

Nkhopeyi ndi chinsinsi kwambiri.

Iliyonse ya matenda ake, imakhudza kwambiri thanzi la thupi.

Matenda otsatirawa nthawi zambiri amapezeka muzochitika zamankhwala:

1. Pancreatitis Analandira mawonekedwe owopsa komanso aakulu. Awa ndi matenda omwe ma enzyme amathandizira asanakwane ndikuyamba kuwononga minofu ya tinyezi. Poterepa, mawonekedwe onse a pancreatic a enzymes amaponyedwa mu kayendedwe kazinthu. Komanso, zimawononga kwambiri ziwalo ndi machitidwe a thupi, makamaka ku ubongo, minofu yam'mapapo, komanso myocardium, impso ndi chiwindi. Pancreatitis pachimake ndi pachimake, ndipo imafunikira opaleshoni yomweyo, matenda. Asanalowe kuchipatala, wodwalayo amatha kuthandizidwa ndikuthira ayezi m'dera lachiberekero cha pancreatic. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndizosapweteka, zomangamanga. Komanso, kuwonjezeka kwa michere ya pancreatic nthawi zonse kumatsimikiziridwa pakayezetsa magazi. M'tsogolomu, chifukwa cha kulephera kwa enzymatic dongosolo, matenda a stool joins nawo.
2. Khansa yapakansa ndi khansa yoopsa kwambiri. Chotupacho chimakula kuchokera ku ma epithelial maselo a pancreatic minofu. Kuwopsa kwa matendawa ndi anthu omwe amamwa mowa wamphamvu, osuta fodya, odwala matenda a shuga, matenda a chiwindi.
3. Cystic fibrosis ndimatenda omwe amayambitsidwa ndi majini omwe amakhudza ziwalo zonse za m'mimba, kuphatikizapo kapamba. Diffuse fibrosis imayamba kapamba, zomwe zimayipa kwambiri ntchito yake. Kuphatikiza pa kapamba, matendawa amakhudza mapapu, matumbo, thukuta la thukuta. Kuzindikira kumachitika kale m'miyezi yoyamba ya moyo wa mwana wodwala. Kuyesedwa kwa cystic fibrosis ndikuwunikira koyenera.
4. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa a endocrine omwe amakhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Gastroenterologists, endocrinologists, oncologists, ochiritsira, madokotala am'banja komanso opaleshoni amatenga nawo mbali mankhwalawa komanso kupewa matenda apamba.

Chithandizo cha pathologies a kapamba

Pa nosology iliyonse - chithandizo chake chapadera. Kuchitapo kanthu kwa opaleshoni ndi chithandizo cha mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza pancreatitis pachimake.

Ngati matenda a kapamba chifukwa cha kuperewera, mankhwala othandizira ayenera kuyatsidwa.

Pancreatic oncology imakhala ndi vuto labwino. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chemotherapy, opaleshoni, radiotherapy mwa odwala otere, kupulumuka kwa zaka zisanu kwa odwala sikupitirira makumi anayi. Kotero chofala kwambiri, pankhaniyi, chisamaliro chazindikiritso komanso champhamvu.

Chithandizo cha matenda amtundu wa 1 kapena matenda amtundu wa 2 amangokhala a endocrinologists. Kutengera mtundu wa shuga, chithandizo choyenera chimaperekedwa. Kwa mtundu woyamba, chithandizo cha insulin chothandizira ndichothandiza. Nthawi zambiri, mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga umakhudza ana, achinyamata komanso achinyamata. Mtundu wachiwiri ndi okalamba.

Kupewa kwamatenda a kapamba ndiko kukonza moyo wathanzi, kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi mankhwala achilengedwe popewa.

Pazokhudzana ndi ntchito za kapamba akauza katswiri muvidiyoyi.