Matenda a shuga ndi matenda ogwirizana ndi matenda a metabolic m'thupi, makamaka, kagayidwe kazakudya kamasokoneza thupi. Nthawi zambiri, kagayidwe kazakudya umasokonezeka chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa kapangidwe kake.
Kasitomala amalephera kupanga kuchuluka kwa insulini - timadzi tomwe timatsimikizira kutulutsa kwa glucose kudzera mu membrane wa cell kulowa mkati mwa khungu. Mafuta ochulukirapo amachotseredwa kudzera mu mkodzo wam'mimbamo. Kutulutsa shuga kudzera mu impso kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zochita pokodza ndi kuphwanya kagayidwe kamadzi m'thupi.
Pamaso pa shuga wokwera m'magazi m'thupi la wodwalayo, mkhalidwe wa matenda otchedwa shuga mellitus umakula.
Ndi kusowa kwa glucose m'maselo a insulin amadalira minyewa, kuchitika kwa chakudya kumawonedwa, komwe kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa magawo a maselo.
Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumatha chifukwa cha chibadwidwe kapena kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zakunja zomwe zimapangitsa. Pazifukwa izi, zamatsenga zimatha kukhala zatsopano kapena zopezedwa.
Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zolephera zingapo mthupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zoyipa monga:
- kuwonongeka kwa mano enamel;
- mawonekedwe a pakhungu la mabala ndi pustules;
- kukula kwa kusintha kwa atherosulinotic;
- mawonekedwe a angina pectoris;
- aimpso kuwonongeka;
- kupezeka kwa mavuto ndi mitsempha;
- kusawona bwino.
Matenda a shuga ndi amtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri.
Mtundu woyamba umadziwika ndi chitukuko kuubwana, kusiyana kwake ndikusowa kwa kupanga kwa insulin m'thupi. Dzina lake lachiwiri ndi matenda a shuga a shuga. Mtunduwu ndiovuta kwambiri kulolera, thupi limayenera kulimbikitsidwa nthawi zonse ndi jakisoni wa insulin.
Hormoni imayendetsedwa chakudya chisanachitike kapena itangotha. Ndikofunikira kutsatira chakudya chokhwima, chomwe sichimaphatikizapo shuga, maswiti, zakumwa za shuga, timadziti kuchokera ku chakudya.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga nthawi zambiri umakwanitsa zaka 40. Jakisoni wa insulin wamtunduwu wa shuga sakonda kutumikiridwa. Nthawi zambiri, zakudya zopatsa mphamvu ndi mapiritsi okhala ndi hypoglycemic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera matenda.
Zakudya zopatsa thanzi kwa anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndikuti zakudya zomwe zimapanga chakudya chofunikira kwambiri zimachotsedwa m'zakudyazo. Izi ndi shuga komanso zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga. Kutengera izi, maswiti onse azakudya ndi zakumwa za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndizoletsedwa. Kupatula apo, amathandizira kuwonjezeka kwambiri kwa glucose wamagazi, komwe kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa metabolic.
Kukana shuga sikophweka, chifukwa izi zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoyo wonse. Kuyambira pobadwa, aliyense amadziwa kukoma kwake, ngakhale mkaka wa m'mawere umakoma pang'ono. Ndikovuta kwambiri kukana zonsezi nthawi imodzi. Nthawi zambiri izi zimatsogolera ku lingaliro laling'ono, zamavuto amisala ndi malingaliro zimachitika. Kuti mupewe izi, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati zotsekemera.
Zilime zotsekemera zimatha kukhala zachilengedwe kapena zopanga zomwe zimakhala ndi kukoma kokoma, koma zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala poyerekeza ndi shuga. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamafuta, mwachitsanzo, pakumwa tiyi, kapena monga chowonjezera chamagetsi chakudya. Pafupifupi onsewo alibe vuto. Sizingakhudze kuchuluka kwa shuga mwanjira iliyonse, mosiyana ndi shuga wokhazikika.
Omwe amachokera zotsekemera zachilengedwe ndi monga:
- stevia;
- xylitol;
- fructose;
- sorbitol.
Zokomera zotsekemera zimaphatikizapo saccharin, aspartame, cyclamate.
Stevia - mbewu yomwe ili ndi mankhwala ambiri othandiza. Chimodzi mwazomwe zimagwidwa ndi mbewuyi ndi stevioside, yomwe imapatsa masamba a chomera kukoma.
Stevioside ndiwotsekemera kwambiri kuposa shuga. Kutulutsa kwa Stevia mwanjira yake yachilengedwe kumakhala lokoma kwambiri kuposa 250 shuga. Koma, ngakhale atakwera kwambiri, stevia siwokoma wokoma. M'malo onse a shuga muli zovuta zawo. Choyipa chachikulu cha stevioside ndikuti amatha kuwonjezera thupi. Dongosolo la Stevia limapezeka mu zotsekemera monga Sladis ndi Fit Parade.
Chomera chotsika m'maiko ambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsekemera. Kwa zaka zopitilira 40, adabzala m'minda yayikulu.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kokoma uku sikunawululirepo za zotsatira zoyipa. Ena opanga amawonjezera stevia pakudya Coca-Cola. Madokotala mu 80s adachita kafukufuku, zomwe zidatsimikiza kuti stevia ndi chinthu chotetezeka.
Makhalidwe ofunikira a stevia:
- amatha kulimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi;
- kutsitsa magazi;
- ali ndi antibacterial katundu;
- amalimbikitsa kukonzanso khungu.
Ubwino wawukulu wa chomera ndi kuperewera kwa shuga mumthupi la wodwalayo.
Xylitol ndi wokoma mwachilengedwe. Amatchulidwanso nkhuni kapena shuga wa birch. Ndi gawo la zipatso zambiri, masamba, ogulidwa. Xylitol imakhala yosasangalatsa, pang'ono ngati glucose.
Nthawi yoyamba pamakampani ogulitsa akuwonekera ku Europe kuyambira kuchiyambiyambi kwa zaka za zana la 19. Kenako adangotchuka monga wogwirizira shuga.
Phata silikhudzana ndi shuga wamagazi. Masiku ano, nthawi zambiri imatha kupezeka ngati zakudya zowonjezera zaukhondo kapena mankhwala. Pulogalamu yamankhwala imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga mankhwala.
Amayi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito xylitol pofuna kuchepetsa thupi:
- Supuni imodzi ya shuga ili ndi zopatsa mphamvu 15, ndi xylitol - 9,5 calories. Kutengera izi, xylitol ndi pafupifupi 40% yochepa caloric poyerekeza ndi glucose. Izi ndizabwino kuti muchepetse kunenepa.
- Pulogalamuyo sikukhudza kuchuluka kwa chakudya chamagazi m'magazi.
Chifukwa chake, cholowa mmalo chimakhala choyenera kwa onse omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso omwe amagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zamafuta ochepera.
Poyerekeza ndi index ya glycemic ya shuga, yomwe ili ndi 100, xylitol ili ndi GI ya 7. Akatswiri azachipatala amati kugwiritsa ntchito izi kungathandize kuchepetsa matenda a shuga 2.
Fructose ndi wokoma zachilengedwe. Imapezeka m'masamba ambiri, zipatso, zipatso, timadzi tokongola ta maluwa ndi uchi.
Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa fructose ndi 35-50 magalamu. Kuthekera kwa kutsekemera sikupitilira 1.7. Fructose ndi gawo la lokoma ngati Rio Gold.
Ili ndi zovuta zina monga zamkati zopatsa mphamvu zambiri. Izi zikuyenera kuganiziridwa kwa anthu omwe amatsatira zakudya, kusiya kulemera kwambiri, kunenepa kwambiri.
Fructose imatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Chifukwa chake, iyenera kudyedwa ndi matenda a shuga mosamala, pokhapokha ngati akutsimikiziridwa ndi dokotala. Ngati mumamatira kuzowonetsa, ndiye kuti fructose ilibe vuto.
Ngakhale zolakwa izi, fructose ali ndi zingapo zabwino:
- Ili ndi mphamvu ya tonic. Zimabweza mphamvu pambuyo pakuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Chifukwa chake, fructose amalimbikitsidwa kwa ana asukulu, ophunzira, komanso othamanga.
- Pazipatso zina, zipatso zimakhala ngati zimakometsera. Imatha kusunga chinyezi, chifukwa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kusungidwa nthawi yayitali.
- Fructose amatha kusungunuka bwino muzakumwa zilizonse. Chifukwa chake, amawonjezeredwa tiyi, khofi ndi confectionery.
Kuphatikiza apo, fructose amatha kudya kuti athane ndi kuvunda kwa dzino.
Sorbitol ndi m'malo mwa shuga wachilengedwe.
Poyerekeza ndi shuga wokhazikika, imakhala ndi zopatsa mphamvu zochepa za calorie - sorbitol - 2,6 kcal / 1 gramu, shuga - 4 kcal / 1 gramu.
Chizindikiro cha kutsekemera ndi 0.6.
Amakhala ndi zipatso zina - ma apricots, maapulo, ma plums, mapeyala. Zambiri zimapezeka phulusa laphiri.
Ili ndi machitidwe awa:
- Kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa maso, kugwiritsa ntchito edema, uremia;
- Kutha bwino zakumwa, zowonjezeredwa tiyi, khofi, sizikutaya katundu wake pakumwa kutentha (kuwira, kuwaza);
- zovulaza thupi;
- pafupifupi sizikhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, chifukwa si chakudya chamagulu, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga;
- kumwa ngati mankhwala ofewetsa thukuta; chifukwa cha izo, thupi limadya mosamala vitamini B1, B6, imathandizanso kukonza matumbo ndi m'mimba;
Monga chilichonse, sorbitol imakhala ndi zovuta zake. Mukatha kudya, kulawa kwazitsulo kumadza mkamwa. Mmalo mwake ndi caloric, izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pakugawa zopatsa mphamvu patsiku. Imakhala ilibe kukoma konse kokoma, kuyerekeza ndi stevia, sucrose. Osamakondwa ndi sorbitol, izi zimatha kubweretsa pakhungu, kutentha kwa mtima, kupweteka kwamutu.
Saccharin kapena Saccharin sodium - ndi yokumba m'malo mwa shuga.
Amakhala ngati maziko a sucrazite. Gwiritsani ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha E954.
Osamalandira popanda kuuzidwa ndi dokotala, chifukwa mutha kuwonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi maselo a khansa.
Ili ndi malo achitatu m'malo mwa oyamba (awiri oyambawo ndi suartalose). Poyerekeza ndi glucose, nthawi 400 amatsekemera. Mukatha kudya, kuwawa kowawa kumamveka pamlomo wamkamwa.
Ntchito pokonza maswiti, ma jellies, marmalade, kuphika. Kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mopitirira muyeso kumatha kuyambitsa khansa ya chikhodzodzo.
Maonekedwe a pawiri ndi makhiristu osalala, osungunuka bwino m'madzimadzi. Odorless.
Sizoletsedwa kutenga amayi oyembekezera ndi ana.
Mu ana, saccharin angayambitse ziwengo, kukhumudwitsa. Mmalo amatanthauza angapo sulfonamides. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa mavuto, kupweteka mutu, kufupika, kutsekula m'mimba.
Saccharin ndi zinthu zochepa zopatsa mphamvu zomwe sizimeza matumbo. Imatha kulimbikitsa kupanga kwa insulin mu kapamba. Thupi limaleka kuyamwa insulini, zomwe zimathandiza kuti matenda ashuga azikhala.
Aspartame ndi wokoma wochita kupanga. Ili ndi zochepa zopatsa mphamvu. Pamayikidwe azinthu amatchulidwa kuti ndi E 951. Ngati mumayesa shuga, ndiye kutiaspartame imakhala yokoma 200. Kutanthauza zolowa m'malo. Samalola kutentha kuti asungunwenso ndipo amadzichulukitsa kukhala mamolekyulu.
Zotsatira zakufufuza, zidawululidwa kuti zimatha kuvulaza thupi, kuwonetseredwa ndikusintha kwa ma hormonal. Chuma chokwanira kwambiri tsiku lililonse ndi 45 mg pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwa thupi.
Ndi zoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito anthu omwe ali ndi phenylketonuria.
Phenylketonuria ndimatenda omwe amafala ndi cholowa. Amakhala ndi kusowa kwa thupi la kusowa kwa enzyme yotha kusintha phenylalanine kukhala tyrosine. Kupanda kutero, izi zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa ubongo.
Sizoletsedwa kutenga amayi apakati, popeza vutoli limachitika kwa mwana wosabadwayo.
Musanagule zinthu monga yogurts, kutafuna mano, maswiti, timadziti ndi zakumwa za shuga, muyenera kudziwa bwino zomwe zimapangidwira.
Cyclamate kapena dzina lake lachiwiri, sodium cyclamate, ndiwotsekemera. Itha kupezeka muzakudya ngati zowonjezera E 952. Poyerekeza ndi shuga wokhazikika, zimakhala zokoma 25 nthawi.
Nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi aspartame kapena saccharin. Ili ndi zinthu zochepa kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zotsekemera. Ilibe index ya glycemic ndipo siyimakhudza shuga wamagazi, chifukwa chake imavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu uliwonse.
Ndibwino kulekerera kutentha, ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku confectionery. Imafufutidwa kudzera mu impso osasintha mawonekedwe ake.
Ofufuzira ku US adachita zoyesa zambiri ndikuwunika, zomwe zidawonetsa kuti cyclamate imatha kuvulaza thupi.
Amayi oyembekezera amalekanitsidwa, chifukwa matumbo amakhala ndi mabakiteriya omwe, akaphatikizidwa ndi cyclomat, amatulutsa teratogenic metabolites. Zinthu izi zimatha kusokoneza chitukuko cha fetal m'masabata oyamba a mimba.
Mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa munthu wamkulu ndi 11 mg / kg. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri zinthu zolowa m'malo kungavulaze thupi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kukaonana ndi dokotala, ndi chilolezo chake chogwiritsa ntchito.
Zothandiza komanso zovulaza za zotsekemera zimakambidwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
