Kuthamanga kwa magazi ndiko kukaniza kwa khoma la mtima kupita kwa magazi. Kupanikizika kumapangitsa kuti magazi azisunthira m'mitsempha yama cell ofunikira, kuwapatsa mpweya ndi michere, ndikuchotsa zonyansa kwa iwo.
Nthawi zambiri, kupatuka kwapanthawi yocheperako kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana mthupi. Chimodzi mwazovuta izi ndi matenda a shuga.
Kupita patsogolo kwa matenda am'mimba kumabweretsa kuwonekera kwa zovuta zosiyanasiyana mthupi, kuphatikizapo kusintha kwa khoma lamitsempha yamagazi, komwe kumachepetsa kunenepa kwake ndikuwatsogolera pakupatuka kwa magazi.
Njira zoyezera kukokana kwa mtima
Kuchuluka kwa kupanikizika kumatengera kuchuluka kwa magazi omwe amatsitsidwa mu ziwiya ndi mtima komanso kutanuka kwake. Kupsinjika kwapamwamba, komwe kumatchedwa systolic, kumawonetsa kukana kwamitsempha panthawi yomwe minyewa yamtima imagwirizana. Kupanikizika kwa diastolic, komwe kumatsikanso, kumatanthawuza kukana panthawi yopumula kwamtima. Kusiyana pakati pa izi za pafupifupi mamilimita 30-40 a Mercury ndi kukakamiza.
Kuyeza kukana kwamitsempha, chida chotchedwa tonometer chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zitha kukhala zamakina, zochepa zokha komanso zokha. Njira yapamwamba yoyezera pamakina owonera magazi ndi njira ya Korotkov, yomwe imafunikira stethoscope ndi buku la sphygmomanometer. Mwa semi-automatic, muyenera kungoyimilira mwaulere kupomera mpweya mu cuff kupita ku chizindikiritso china ndikuwona zotsatira zomwe zikuwonetsedwa pazenera. Mu owunika othamanga magazi, mumangofunika kuvala cuff ndikudina batani "Yambani", ndipo chipangizocho chidzachitanso zina zonse.
Palinso kuwunika kwa Holter, komwe kumakhala kuwerengera kozungulira ndi koloko kuwongolera manambala opanikizika ndikusintha Zizindikiro zawo. Chipangizochi chikuwoneka ngati gulugufe. Amakhala pakhungu la chifuwa tsiku limodzi.
Njirazi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto la mtima, ndipo chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa ziwonetsero.
Zosankha Za Mtengo Wokanikiza
Mawonekedwe abwinobwino a kukana minyewa mwa anthu athanzi ali ndi tanthauzo ili: systolic kuchokera 110 mpaka 130, ndi diastolic kuchokera pa 70 mpaka 90 millimeter ya Mercury.
Ngati kupanikizika kukwera kwambiri kuposa 140/90, ndiye kuti izi zimatchedwa matenda oopsa. Ndi kuchepa kwa zopitilira 100/60, izi zimachitika motsutsana - ochepa hypotension. Zonsezi ziyenera kulipidwa kuti kagwire ntchito koyenera m'thupi.
Kutsitsa kapena kukulitsa kukakamiza sikumakhala konsekonse. Zizindikiro zazikulu zakulephera kupanikizika ndi mseru komanso kusanza.
Odwala odwala matenda oopsa nthawi zambiri amadandaula ndi nseru chifukwa cha kuthamanga.
Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito izi:
- kufooka kwathunthu;
- Chizungulire
- maonekedwe a ntchentche patsogolo pa maso;
- kuzizira;
- kupweteka m'makachisi.
Kupanga kwa mapangidwewa kwa izi kumalumikizidwa ndi kusokonezeka pakupereka kwa okosijeni ku ma cell a ma cell.
Ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi, pamachepa mitsempha yamagazi mthupi lonse. Izi zimabweretsa kukulira kwamapangidwe amadzimadzi a cerebrospinal chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo za msana. Izi zimayambitsa edema, maubongo a ubongo amaponderezedwa, makamaka, malo osanza, omwe amakhumudwitsa mseru komanso kusanza, komwe sikubweretsa mpumulo.
Kuthana ndi nkhawa chifukwa chakukakamiza kumatha kukhala chakudya chotsikirako ngati kuthina kwamuka mutatha kudya, kapena munthuyo asanza bile ngati m'mimba mulibe kanthu. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zonunkhira kapena zakudya zotentha kwambiri zimayambitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Chizungulire imayamba chifukwa choletsa kuperekera kwa okosijeni m'maselo aubongo chifukwa cha vasospasm. Zowonongeka mu mawonekedwe a "ntchentche" zomwe zimazungulira pamaso chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa okosijeni mu retina, malo a occipital optic kapena mitsempha ya conduction.
Ngati munthu wadwala mseru kwambiri, kenako kuti athetse matendawa, ndikofunikira kuchita:
- Zotsatira zathupi mwakuthupi.
- Kusintha kwa zakudya
- Kugwiritsa ntchito wowerengeka njira zokhazikika ndikuchepetsa kupsinjika.
Muthanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza thupi kuti athetse matendawa.
Chithandizo cha matenda oopsa ndi njira zina
Choyamba, wodwalayo ayenera kupatsidwanso gawo lodzala ndi bodza. Izi zimathandizira kuti magazi atuluke kupita kumunsi mthupi, zomwe zimakulitsa ziwiya. Mutha kuthanso tsitsi pamaso pang'ono - zochita zotere zimathandizira mitsempha ya vagus ndikuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa mtima, kuchepetsa kugunda kwa mtima.
Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mtendere ndi kuteteza wodwala ku kupsinjika - kuyeretsa kuwala, kupereka mpweya wabwino, ndikukhazikitsa bata. Izi zithandiza kuchepetsa kukakamizidwa ndi mayunitsi angapo.
Mutha kumwa zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, monga tiyi wopanda mphamvu kapena peppermint. Izi zimathandizanso kusanza, kutsitsimula pakamwa pouma ndikutsokomola khosi ndikusanza.
Kuchokera pamankhwala azikhalidwe, njira zoterezi ndizothandiza:
- Kutumphukira kwa khangaza watsopano, wowiritsa m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi zingapo ndikuwukhazikika. Mutha kumwa ngati tiyi, kuwonjezera ndimu kapena uchi kuti mulawe.
- Zipatso zouma zakuda kapena zofiira currant - zimayendetsedwa ndi fanizo ndi makangaza, zimatha kusakanizidwa pakumwa kamodzi.
- Valerian - mutha kukonza kulowetsako nokha kuchokera ku ma rhizomes, kapena kugula tincture wa mowa mu mankhwala. Yotsirizirayi imalimbikitsidwa kuti imatenge, ikuphatikizidwa ndi madzi ofunda kupita gawo limodzi mwa magalasi atatu.
- Pafupifupi tithumi timathiridwa ndi madzi otentha, mpaka theka la lita, yophika kwa mphindi 10 ndikuledzera.
Mwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi mavuto ochepa, antispasmodics angagwiritsidwe ntchito - mwachitsanzo, No-shpa kapena Spazmalgon. Limagwirira awo zochita ndi kuchepetsa vasospasm. Kuchokera pakusanza kutenga Cerucal - antiemetic yomwe imalepheretsa dopamine ndi ma serotonin receptors.
Amathandizidwa ndi intramuscularly kapena kholo, kutengera zovuta za vutoli, mpaka ma milligram 10 panthawi.
Mankhwala ofulumira pamavuto
Pochiza matenda oopsa, magulu ambiri a mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Njira zomwe zimakhudza dongosolo la renin-angiotensin, lomwe limapezeka mu impso, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda oopsa ndizo kusokoneza poyendetsa gawo la ziwalozi. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa kutulutsa kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito, zomwe zimadzetsa kukakamiza. Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril. Chimodzi mwa gulu la mankhwalawa ndi zotsatira zoyipa ngati chifuwa chouma, chomwe chiyenera kukumbukiridwa popereka mankhwala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda opuma.
Calcium calcium blockers. Calcium, yolowa mu cell, imalimbikitsa kupanga mapuloteni ena apadera omwe amathandizira kuphipha kwamitsempha yamagazi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa zovuta kwamtima kumawonjezeka ndipo kukakamizidwa kumawonjezeka. Mankhwalawa amalepheretsa kulowa kwa ion kulowa mu cell. Oimira wamkulu ndi Verapamil ndi Diltiazem. Amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zazing'ono monga kutupa m'miyendo.
Alfa oletsa. Pamavuto, noradrenaline imamasulidwa ku ma adrenal glands, yomwe imalumikizana ndi alpha-adrenergic receptors, yowonjezera kukana kwamitsempha. Ma blockers ndi otsutsana ndi norepinephrine, omwe amamangidwa kale ku receptors ndipo samalola kukakamizidwa kuti achulukane. Chithandizo chachikulu m'gululi ndi Doxazosin.
Beta blockers. Mumtima ndimomwe amatchedwa beta-adrenergic receptors, omwe, atasangalatsidwa, amayambitsa njira yowonjezera kuthamanga ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kugunda kwa mtima. Beta-blockers amatseka ma receptor awa, kwinaku akuchepetsa ntchito ya renin-angiotensin dongosolo la impso, ndipo kukakamiza kumatsika. Gululi ndi limodzi mwa mankhwala othandizira kwambiri othandizira, omwe amaphatikizapo Bisoprolol, Nebivolol ndi Carvedilol. Nthawi zambiri amakhala mu nyumba yamankhwala yanyumba ya hypertonic iliyonse.
Ngati nseru ndi kusanza sizidutsa ndipo kukakamira sikuchepa, wodwalayo ayenera kuchipatala mwachangu kuchipatala chodziwikiratu chachipatala.
Kodi kuchitira hypotension?
Ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi, zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zingathenso, monga kufooka, kufinya, chizungulire, palpitations, kutseka, kufupika, kusanza ndi kusanza.
Makina a kupezeka kwa zizindikiro izi ndi kusowa kwa kamvekedwe ka mtima, chifukwa cha izi amakula, ndipo magazi ake kupita ku ziwiya za vestibular amachepa. Izi zitha kukhala chiwonetsero cha nthawi yayitali kapena kukulira pang'ono, posunthira pamalo oyimirira kupita kwina. Mkhalidwe wotsiriza umadziwika kuti kugwa kwa orthostatic, ndipo umangokhala pawokha pambuyo pakupuma kwa mphindi zingapo. Nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa mu achinyamata munthawi yamagulu achikulire, azimayi ndi okalamba.
Koma nthawi zina kutsika kwa kupsinjika kumachitika monga chizindikiritso cha kusintha kwa nyengo kwa anthu okhudzidwa ndi nyengo, chifukwa cha makulidwe m'chipindamo kapena chifukwa cha kupsinjika. Zikatero, chisamaliro chofunikira chimafunikira.
Choyamba, ndikofunikira kupereka lingaliro lopingasa, kumakweza miyendo yake, kuyika wodziguduza kapena bulangeti yopindika pansi pawo. Chotsatira, muyenera kupatsa mwayi wofikitsa mpweya - khazikitsani kolala, tsegulani zenera kapena zenera.
Tiyi wamphamvu wobiriwira kapena khofi wakuda angathandize. Amayenera kuledzera pang'onopang'ono, 2-3 amawombera mphindi zochepa zilizonse. Kapangidwe kake ka kafaimu ndizowonjezera zomwe zimakhudza myocardium, yomwe imapangitsa ntchito yake, kukakamiza zombo kuti zizigwira ntchito monga momwe zimayembekezeredwa.
Ngati sizotheka kumwa khofi, kapena ngati munthu sangathe kuloleza kukoma kwake, mutha kumamwa zakumwa zokhala ndi khofi wina, mwachitsanzo, Askofen. Ngati kuchokera ku anamnesis ndikudziwika kuti wodwalayo ali ndi mphamvu yokwanira ya adrenal cortex, ndikofunika kumwa mankhwala kuchokera ku gulu la glucocorticoids - Fludrocortisone. Komabe, mutha kutenga kamodzi kokha. Ngati palibe phindu kuchokera ku phwando, munthuyo amapatsidwa chipatala mwachangu.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala achikhalidwe, monga:
- ginseng muzu wa tincture wa mowa, tengani madontho makumi awiri pa magawo atatu a kapu yamadzi;
- Chinese lemongrass mu tincture wa mowa, kumwa madontho makumi atatu osungunuka m'madzi.
Pa mseru chifukwa cha hypotension, mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amakhudza ntchito ya vetibular, mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amayenda ndi matenda oyenda. Izi zikuphatikiza Aeron. Mapiritsi a Ondansetron ndi scopalamine, omwe amakhudza ma cell a serotonin, nawonso amagwira ntchito.
Chifukwa chake funso ndilakuti, kodi mukamadwala, mumatha kupereka yankho lenileni bwanji - pakusintha kwamphamvu kopsinjika.
Odwala onse omwe apezeka ndi kuthamanga kapena kuthamanga kwa magazi amayenera kuwunikidwa ndi dokotala kuti apewe kupezeka kwa zovuta zam'mitsempha, monga vuto la mtima kapena stroko. Kuti muchepetse kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchita zinthu moyenera, muyenera kuyeza kukakamiza kwa magazi ndi kuwunika.
Zizindikiro za kuthamanga kwa magazi zikufotokozedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
