Mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga a mellitus (shuga wodalira insulin) ndi matenda amtundu wa endocrine omwe amadziwika chifukwa chopanga mahomoni a insulin ndi ma cell a kapamba. Chifukwa cha izi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera, hyperglycemia wolimbikira umachitika. Akuluakulu a shuga a Type 1 (pambuyo pa 40) samadwala. Masiku ano, ambiri amavomereza kuti mtundu 1 ndi matenda a shuga a achichepere. Tsopano tiwone chifukwa chake tili ndi matenda ashuga.
Amayambitsa ndi pathogenesis
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi chibadwa cham'tsogolo. Kuthekera kwa kuyambika kwa matendawa ndizochepa, komabe zilipo. Zomwe zimayambitsa sizikudziwika, pali zinthu zina zodziwika bwino (zotumizidwa za autoimmune ndi matenda opatsirana, kuphwanya chitetezo chokwanira).
Matenda a shuga amayamba chifukwa chosowa ma cell a beta a kapamba. Maselo amenewa ndi amene amachititsa kuti insulini ipangidwe bwino. Ntchito yayikulu ya timadzi iyi ndikuwonetsetsa kuti glucose amalowa m'maselo. Ngati insulini yafupika, shuga onse amapanga m'magazi ndipo maselo amayamba kufa ndi njala. Chifukwa chosowa mphamvu, mafuta osungirako mafuta agawanika, chifukwa chake munthu amachepetsa thupi msanga. Ma mamolekyulu onse a glucose amakopa madzi okha. Ndi shuga wambiri m'magazi, madzi ndi shuga amatsitsidwa mkodzo. Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwamadzi kumayamba mwa wodwalayo ndikumamvanso ludzu.
Chifukwa chakusweka kwamafuta mthupi, kudzikundikira kwa mafuta acids (FA) kumachitika. Chiwindi sichitha "kubwezeretsanso" ma FA onse, kotero zinthu zowola - matupi a ketone - zimadziunjikira m'magazi. Ngati sanachiritsidwe, chikomokere ndi imfa zimatha kuchitika panthawiyi.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga 1
Zizindikiro zimawonjezeka mofulumira: m'miyezi ingapo kapena milungu ingapo, hyperglycemia yopitilira imawoneka. Njira yayikulu yodziwira wodwala matenda ashuga ndi iyi:
- ludzu lalikulu (wodwalayo amamwa madzi ambiri);
- kukodza pafupipafupi
- njala ndi kuyabwa khungu;
- kuwonda kwambiri.
Mu matenda a shuga, munthu amatha kutaya makilogalamu khumi ndi anayi pamwezi m'mwezi umodzi, pomwe pali kufooka, kugona, kutopa, kuchepa kwa ntchito. Poyamba, matendawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri, koma matendawa akamakula, wodwalayo amakana kudya. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kuledzera kwa thupi (ketoacidosis). Pali mseru, kusanza, kupweteka kwam'mimba, fungo lochokera mkamwa.
Kuzindikira ndi chithandizo
Kutsimikizira kuti adziwe mtundu 1 shuga, muyenera kuchita kafukufuku wotsatira:
- Kuyesedwa kwa magazi kwa shuga (pamimba yopanda kanthu) - zomwe zili m'magazi a capillary zimatsimikizika.
- Glycosylated hemoglobin - shuga wambiri wamiyezi itatu.
- Kusanthula kwa peptide kapena proinsulin.
Mu matendawa, chithandizo chachikulu komanso chachikulu chimachotsa chithandizo (jakisoni wa insulin). Kuphatikiza apo, chakudya chokhazikika chimayikidwa. Mlingo ndi mtundu wa insulin umayikidwa payekhapayekha. Kuti muwone bwino magazi anu, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugule mita yamagazi. Ngati mikhalidwe yonse ikwaniritsidwa, munthu akhoza kukhala moyo wabwinobwino (inde, padzakhala zoletsa zambiri, koma palibe pothawirako).
