Insulin - ntchito ya mahomoni m'thupi la munthu

Awa ndi mawu oluma a insulin. Zambiri zalembedwa ndi kulembedwa za iye. Wina amawona ngati chiganizo, wina ngati chiyembekezo, ndipo wina yemwe akukambirana pankhaniyi alibe chidwi.

Koma ngati, pazifukwa zilizonse, wowerenga angakhale ndi chidwi ndi nkhaniyi, zikutanthawuza kuti akadali ndi mafunso otseguka osati zonse zomwe zimamveka bwino.

Tidzayesa kufotokozera mu chilankhulo chomveka, pogwiritsa ntchito mawu ochepa azachipatala, chifukwa chake thupi limafunikira chida cha pancreatic, ndimagulu otani omwe amapatsidwa ndi momwe chilumba cha moyochi chimafunikira munthu.

Inde, Umu ndi momwe insula imamasulira kuchokera ku Chilatini - chilumba.

Kodi insulin ndi chiyani?

Molekyulu ya 3D insulin

Osati zolondola ndi omwe amodzi amaganiza ntchito ya insulin. Kumupatsa iye gawo la mtundu wa matekinoloje achilengedwe, omwe amayenera kupulumutsa shuga kuchokera pa mfundo A mpaka B, ndikuyiwala kuti mahomoniwa samangopereka chakudya, komanso ma elekitirodiya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni.

Kutha kwake kulumikizana potumiza zinthu monga ma amino acid, lipids, ma nucleotide kudzera mwa membrane wa cell ndikosatheka kuzipanga.

Chifukwa chake, sikoyenera kukana kuti ndi immunoreactive insulin (IRI) yomwe imagwira ntchito yofunikira kwambiri ya membrane permeability.

Makhalidwe omwe ali pamwambapa amalola kuti zinthu zachilengedwe izi zizikhala ngati mapuloteni okhala ndi katundu wa anabolic.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mahomoni:

1. Insulin yaulere - imathandizira kuyamwa kwa glucose ndi adipose ndi minofu minofu.
2. Zolumikizidwa - sizimagwira ndi ma antibodies ndipo zimangogwira ntchito motsutsana ndi maselo amafuta.

Kodi ndi chiwalo chiti chomwe chimapanga?

Tiyenera kudziwa nthawi yomweyo kuti limba likupanga "kusinthitsa othandizira", komanso momwe amapangira palokha, si malo ogulitsira a Shirpotrebsk kuchokera ku chipinda chapansi. Awa ndi zovuta kuzinthu zambiri. Mu thupi lathanzi, momwe zimakhalira pakudalirika ndizofanana ndi wotchi yaku Swiss.

Dzina la mbuye oscillator ndi kapamba. Kuyambira kale, ntchito yotsimikizira moyo wake idadziwika, yomwe imakhudza kusintha kwa kudya kwa mafuta kukhala chakudya chofunikira. Pambuyo pake, njirazi zimatchedwa metabolic kapena metabolic.

Kuti chikhale chotsimikizika, tiyeni timveke chitsanzo: kale mu Talmud yakale, malamulo a moyo ndi zikwangwani za Ayuda, kapamba amatchedwa "chala cha mulungu".

Kukhudza thupi lathu pang'onopang'ono, timatsimikiza kuti ili kumbuyo kwa m'mimba m'mimba. Mu kapangidwe kake, chitsulo, chimafanana ndi chinthu chamoyo china.

Ali ndi pafupifupi zigawo zake zonse:

• mutu;
• mchira;
• thupi ngati gawo lalikulu.

"Zikondazo" zimakhala ndi maselo. Mapeto akewo, amapanga malo azilumba, omwe amatchedwa - pancreatic islets. Dzinalo linaperekedwa polemekeza yemwe adapeza zilumba zofunika za Germany izi, a Paul Langerhans - zisumbu za Langerhans.

Kupezeka kwa mapangidwe a khungu la chisumbu kudalembedwa ndi waku Germany, koma dotolo waku Russia L. Sobolev ndi omwe adatulukira kuti maselo amenewa amabisa (kupanga) insulin.

Kanema wachidziwitso:

Ntchito mu thupi la munthu

Njira yothandizira kumvetsetsa kwamakono a insulin komanso kumvetsetsa momwe zimakhudzira kagayidwe kamakhala m'maganizo a asing'anga okha, komanso akatswiri a sayansi, akatswiri a sayansi ya zamankhwala komanso akatswiri opanga majini.

Udindo wa kapangidwe kake umakhala ndi ma cell a β.

Milandu ya shuga wamagazi ndi kagayidwe kachakudya, imagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• imapangitsa maselo a membrane kuti achulukitse kuvomerezeka kwawo;
• ndiye chothandizira chachikulu pakusweka kwa shuga;
• imayambitsa kapangidwe ka glycogen, gawo lovuta kwambiri lama carbohydrate lomwe limasungira mphamvu yofunikira;
• imayambitsa kupanga lipids ndi mapuloteni.

Ndi wopanda mahomoni, prerequisites amapangidwira kuti pakhale matenda akulu - matenda ashuga.

Wowerenga, yemwe samamvetsetsa bwino lomwe zomwe timadzi timafunikira, atha kukhala ndi malingaliro abodza okhudzana ndi momwe moyo wake umafunikira. Nenani, uyu ndiye woyang'anira machitidwe onse a ntchito zonse zamoyo, kubweretsa phindu limodzi.

Izi siziri choncho. Chilichonse chikuyenera kupakidwa moyenera, kutumikiridwa molondola, molondola, panthawi yoyenera.

Ingoganizirani kwakanthawi, ngati mutayamba "kutuluka" ndi mafuta okhala ndi mitsuko, mitsuko, mavu, uchi wothandiza wa Meyi.

Zofananazi zingatchulidwe ndi dzuŵa lodzaza kwambiri ndi dzuŵa lamadzulo kopanda tanthauzo.

Pomvetsetsa, lingalirani tebulo lomwe limapereka lingaliro la ntchito zake zamitundu yosiyanasiyana:

Minofu yodalira insulin

Kugawika kwa minofu ya thupi molingana ndi zizindikiritso zakudalira kumazikidwa pamapangidwe omwe shuga amalowa m'maselo. Glucose amalowetsa zimakhala zodalira insulini mothandizidwa ndi insulin, ndipo mwa ena, motsutsana, mosiyana - modziimira.

Mtundu woyamba umaphatikizapo chiwindi, minofu ya adipose ndi minofu. Ali ndi ma receptor omwe, polumikizana ndi wolumikizana uyu, amalimbikitsa chidwi komanso kudutsa kwa khungu, zomwe zimayambitsa kagayidwe kazinthu.

Mu shuga mellitus, "kumvetsetsa" kumeneku ndikosweka. Timapereka chitsanzo ndi kiyi ndi loko.

Glucose akufuna kulowa mnyumbamo (m'khola). Pali nyumba yachifumu (receptor) mnyumbayo. Chifukwa cha izi, ali ndi kiyi (insulin). Ndipo zonse zili bwino, pomwe zonse zili bwino - fungulo limatsegula chotseka, modekha ndikulowetsa khola.

Koma nayi vuto - loko watyoka (matenda m'thupi). Ndipo fungulo lomwelo silingatsegule loko limodzi. Glucose sangathe kulowa, kukhala kunja kwa nyumba, i.e. m'magazi. Kodi kapamba amatani komwe minofu imatumiza chizindikiro - tiribe glucose wokwanira, tiribe mphamvu? Komabe, sakudziwa kuti loko ndi wosweka ndikupatsanso shuga chimodzimodzi, ndikupanga insulini yambiri. Zomwe sizimathanso "kutsegula" chitseko.

Potengera insulin kukana (chitetezo chokwanira), chitsulo chimapanga zochulukirapo zatsopano. Milingo ya shuga ikukwera modabwitsa. Chifukwa chokhala ndi mahomoni ambiri, glucose akadali "wofowoleza" ziwalo zomwe zimadalira insulin. Koma sizingachitike motere kwa nthawi yayitali. Kugwira ntchito yovala, maselo β amatha. Mwazi wamagazi umafika pachimake, chomwe chimakhala chizindikiritso cha matenda ashuga a 2.

Wowerenga akhoza kukhala ndi funso lovomerezeka, ndipo ndi zinthu ziti zakunja ndi zamkati zomwe zimayambitsa kukana kwa insulini?

Chilichonse ndichopepuka. Pepani chifukwa chokhala amwano, koma ndizovuta kuzisintha komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Ndi mafuta, okuta minofu minofu ndi chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa maselo kuti asamve chidwi. 80% ya mwamunayo yekha, ndipo yekhayo,, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kufuna kwake ndi kusadzikonda, amadzibweretsa iye mu mkhalidwe woyipa kwambiri. Chinanso 20% ndi mutu wa zokambirana munjira ina.

Ndikofunikira kudziwa chidwi chosangalatsa - monga momwe ziliri m'thupi la munthu, imodzi mwa malamulo osinthika amakwaniritsidwa - lamulo la mgwirizano ndi kulimbana kwa otsutsa.

Tikuyankhula za kapamba ndi magwiridwe antchito a α-cell ndi β-cell.

Aliyense wa iwo amapanga zake zomwe:

• Ma cell a α-atulutsa glucagon;
• Ma cell a β-cell - motero.

Insulin ndi glucagon, pokhala osagwirizana ndi malingaliro ake, komabe amagwira ntchito moyenera pakuwongolera njira ya metabolic.

Mfundo yofunika kuikumbukira ndi iyi:

1. Glucagon ndi mahomoni a polypeptide omwe amathandizira kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi, zomwe zimapangitsa njira ya lipolysis (kupanga mafuta) ndi metabolism yamphamvu.
2. Insulin ndi mankhwala a protein. M'malo mwake, zimaphatikizidwa kuti muchepetse shuga.

Kulimbana kwawo kosagwirizana, modabwitsa momwe zimamvekera, kumakulitsa dongosolo labwino lazinthu zambiri mthupi.

Kanema kuchokera kwa katswiri:

Miyezo ya magazi

Popanda kunena, kufunikira kwa khola lake, lomwe liyenera kuyambira 3 mpaka 35 μU / ml. Chizindikirochi chikuwonetsa kakhansa wathanzi ndi magwiridwe ake apamwamba a ntchito zomwe adapatsidwa.

Munkhaniyi tanena za malingaliro akuti "... zonse ziyenera kukhala modekha." Izi, zachidziwikire, zimagwira ntchito ya ziwalo za endocrine.

Mulingo wokwera ndi bomba lomwe lili ndi wotchi yotsika. Vutoli likuwonetsa kuti kapamba amatulutsa mahomoni, koma chifukwa cha njira inayake, maselo sawazindikira (sawawona). Mukapanda kuthana ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi, machitidwe amtunduwu amachitika nthawi yomweyo, osakhudza ziwalo zamkati zokha, komanso zigawo zonse zovuta.

Ngati mwakulitsa insulin, ndiye kuti izi zitha kuyambitsidwa:

• kulimbitsa thupi kwakukulu;
• kukhumudwa ndi kupsinjika kwanthawi yayitali;
• hepatic kukanika;
• kupezeka kwa matenda a shuga a mtundu wachiwiri;
• acromegaly (pathological owonjezera kukula kwa mahomoni);
• Kunenepa kwambiri
• dystrophic myotonia (neuromuscular matenda);
• insulinoma - chotupa chotupa cha β cell;
• kusokonezeka kwa khungu;
• kusakhazikika kwa pituitary gland;
• polycystic ovary (matenda a polyendocrine gynecological);
• adrenal oncology;
• matenda a kapamba.

Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo ovuta kwambiri, okhala ndi mahomoni ambiri, kugwedezeka kwa insulin kumatha kuchitika mwa odwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azikhala osazindikira.

Ndi kuchuluka kwambiri kwa mahomoni, munthu amawonetsa ludzu, kuyabwa pakhungu, kufooka, kufooka, kukodza kwambiri, kuchiritsa zilonda zam'mimba, kuchepa thupi ndi chidwi chachikulu.

Kupsinjika kocheperako, m'malo mwake, kumalankhula za kutopa kwa thupi ndi kuwonongeka kwa kapamba makamaka. Sathanso kugwira ntchito moyenera ndipo samapanga zinthu zoyenera.

Zolinga za chizindikiro chotsika:

• kukhalapo kwa matenda a shuga 1;
• kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi;
• zolakwika za pituitary gland;
• zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi, makamaka pamimba yopanda kanthu;
• kuzunza kwa mafuta oyera oyera ndi shuga;
• kutopa kwamanjenje, kukhumudwa;
• matenda opatsirana opatsirana.

Zizindikiro

• kunjenjemera m'thupi;
• tachycardia;
• kusokonekera;
• nkhawa ndi nkhawa zosakhudzidwa;
• thukuta, kukomoka;
• anjala yayikulu mwadzidzidzi.

Kuwona kuchuluka kwa shuga, kuyambitsa kwa insulin m'magazi mochotsa magaziwo kumachotsa chizindikiro ichi ndikupangitsa wodwalayo kukhala bwino.

Chifukwa chake, ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa insulin kotani komwe kumawerengedwa ngati kwabwino kwa amuna ndi akazi?

Mwanjira yolowererapo, zimakhala zofanana kwa amuna ndi akazi onse. Komabe, mkazi ali ndi zochitika zina zomwe kugonana kwamphamvu kulibe.

Mulingo wa insulin m'magazi a azimayi pamimba yopanda kanthu (μU / ml):

Nthawi zonse kwa amuna (mkU / ml):

Nthawi zonse kwa achinyamata, achinyamata ndi ana (μU / ml):

Kodi mahomoni amapangidwa bwanji kwa odwala matenda ashuga?

Amachita insulin pachaka kuposa 4 biliyoni. Izi ndichifukwa cha kuchuluka kosangalatsa kwa odwala. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala, pofuna kukwaniritsa kufunika kwake, amathandizira njira zamaumbidwe ake opangira.

Komabe, zida zoyambira zinthu zachilengedwe zimagwiritsidwabe ntchito.

Kutengera ndi komwe kunachokera, mankhwalawo adagawika m'magulu awiri:

• nyama;
• munthu.

Zoyambazo zimapezeka pochotsa ng'ombe ndi nkhumba. Kukonzekera kwa A bullish kumakhala ndi ma amino acid atatu "owonjezera" omwe ndi achilendo kwa anthu. Izi zimatha kuyambitsa ziwonetsero zazikulu.

Chithandizo chomwe chimasinthika kwambiri kwa anthu ndi mahomoni a nkhumba, omwe amasiyana ndi munthu m'modzi amino acid. Chifukwa chake, nkhumba, pamenepa, ndiye mpulumutsi ndi "bwenzi".

Kanema wachidziwitso:

Kuchuluka kwa kuzindikira kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi nyama kumadalira kuya kwakuyeretsa kwa chigawo cham'munsi.

Zofanizira zaumunthu za gulu lino zimapangidwa chifukwa chaukadaulo wambiri wamagulu angapo. Mankhwalawa, monga korona waubwino wa majini, amatchedwa DNA recombinants. Amapangidwa ndi mabakiteriya a E. coli panthawi yayitali yotsatizana.

Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe othandizira opanga mankhwala amapanga mankhwala opanga mphamvu ya mahomoni mwa kusintha kwa enzymatic.

Koma iyi ndi nkhani ina komanso momwe nkhani yayikulu siyikupezekera kuti mumvetsetse munthu wamba wosavuta.

Kwa ife, zotsatira zomaliza ndizofunikira - kupezeka kwa mtengo wotsika mtengo wa odwala matenda ashuga ogulitsidwa.