Zochita za insulin thupi

Monga ziwerengero zapadziko lonse lapansi zikuwonetsa, oposa 20% ya anthu padziko lapansi ali ndi matenda a shuga. Komanso, ambiri mwa anthuwa adapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe amadalira insulin, omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti wodwalayo sangakhale moyo wokhazikika. Zomwe zimafunika ndikupereka thupi lanu ndi insulin. Pachifukwa ichi, jakisoni wapadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mapangidwe ake omwe amachitika mosamalitsa malinga ndi chiwembu chokhazikitsidwa ndi adokotala. Koma njira ya insulin ndi iti? Ndipo zimathandizira bwanji odwala matenda ashuga?

Udindo wa insulin mthupi la munthu

Insulin ndi mahomoni apadera omwe amatenga gawo la metabolism ya carbohydrate. Ndiye amene akuchita nawo kupasuka kwa glucose ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa maselo amthupi ndi mphamvu yofunikira. Zikondwererozi zimakhudzidwa ndikupanga mahomoni awa. Pophwanya umphumphu kapena kugwira ntchito kwa maselo a chiwalochi, insulini imapangidwa pang'ono, chifukwa chomwe thupi limayamba kumva kuperewera, komwe kumawonetsedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.

Nthawi yomweyo, ntchito ya impso ndi chiwindi imasokonekera, zinthu zapoizoni zimayamba kudziunjikira mthupi, zomwe zimakhudza ziwalo zonse zamkati ndi machitidwe. Ndipo choyambirira, mitsempha yam'mimba imakhala ndi izi. Mothandizidwa ndi shuga ndi poizoni, mamvekedwe a makoma amitsempha amachepetsa, amakhala osakhazikika komanso osakhazikika, komwe chiopsezo chotenga stroko ndi myocardial infaration chimachulukitsa kangapo.

Mwazi wamagazi ambiri umakhudzanso njira zobwererera mthupi. Izi zimadziwika makamaka chifukwa cha khungu. Mabala kapena mabala aliwonse amachiritsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, nthawi zambiri amatenga kachilomboka ndikukhala zilonda. Ndipo izi nazonso ndizoopsa, popeza kuphatikiza zilonda zam'mimba, mwayi wokhala zilonda zam'mimba umakulanso.

Njira yamachitidwe

Polankhula za momwe insulin imagwirira ntchito m'thupi, ziyenera kudziwika kuti imagwira ntchito mwachindunji kudzera mu mapuloteni olandirira mapuloteni. Ndi puloteni yofunika kwambiri ya membrane wa khungu, yomwe imapangidwa ndi 2 subunits. Mankhwala, amadziwika kuti ndi b. Iliyonse yamtunduwu imakhala ndi unyolo wake wa polypeptide.

Ma polypeptide unyolo wa insulini

Kuchita kwa insulin ndi motere: choyamba, imalowa mu kulumikizana ndi-subunit, potero kusintha kusintha kwake. Pambuyo pake, b-subunit imaphatikizidwa ndi njirayi, yomwe imayambitsa tchuthi chamtundu wambiri kuti izi zitheke chifukwa cha ma enzymes ofunikira pakuwonongeka kwa glucose ndikuyamwa kwake m'maselo.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ngakhale mphamvu za insulin m'thupi zakhala zikuphunziridwa ndi asayansi kwazaka zambiri, mphamvu zake zamitundu mitundu sizinaphunzire konse. Komabe, zadziwika kale kuti "oyimira pakati" a sekondale amatenga nawo gawo pazonsezi, momwe ma diylylglycerols ndi inositol trifosvats amachita. Amapereka activation ya proteinasease C yokhala ndi phosphorylating zotsatira ndipo zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi metabolic intracellular.

Omwe amathandizira awa amapanga kuchuluka kwa glucose m'maselo a thupi, potero amawakwaniritsa ndi mphamvu. Choyamba, insulin receptor tata imamizidwa mu cytosol, kenako ndikuwonongeka m'miyala, pambuyo pake njira zowonongeka - gawo la insulin limawonongeka, ndipo gawo linalo limatumizidwa kuzinthu zam'mimba ndipo zimapangidwanso.

Insulin ndi mahomoni omwe amakhudza mwachindunji njira zama metabolic mthupi lonse. Zotsatira zake zambiri zimawonedwa chifukwa chogwira ntchito yake pa ma enzyme angapo. Ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimathandizira kuchepetsa magazi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha:

• kukulitsa mayamwidwe a shuga ndi ma membrane a maselo;
• kutsegula kwa michere ya glycolysis;
• onjezerani ntchito yopanga glycogen;
• kuchepetsa kapangidwe ka gluconeogenesis, kamene kamayambitsa kupanga shuga m'magazi a chiwindi.

Yaikulu katundu insulin

Insulini ndiye mahomoni okhawo omwe amalimbikitsa kuyamwa ndi maselo a amino acid ofunikira kuti azigwira bwino ntchito, komanso kupatsidwa kwa potaziyamu, magnesium ndi phosphate ion mwa iwo. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imathandizira kupanga mafuta acids posintha glucose kukhala triglycerides. Ngati kuchepa kwa insulini kumaonekera m'thupi, izi zimabweretsa kulumikizidwa kwa mafuta ndi mawonekedwe ake m'matumbo a ziwalo zamkati.

Mphamvu ya anticatabolic ya insulin pamthupi imayamba chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mapuloteni hydrolysis, chifukwa choti kuchepa kwawo kumachepetsa (chifukwa chakuti odwala matendawa ali ndi vuto la insulin, kuchepa kwa mapuloteni kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa kamvekedwe ka minofu ndi kufooka).

Kuphatikiza apo, insulini imapereka kuchepa kwa lipolysis, komwe kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'thupi ndi chiwopsezo cha matenda a cholesterol, thrombophlebitis, etc. kukhala wocheperako.

Zotsatira za kagayidwe kazakudya

Monga zadziwika kale, insulini ndi mahomoni omwe amatenga mbali pafupifupi mthupi lonse. Koma popeza tikulankhula mwachindunji za matenda ashuga, ndikofunikira kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane zotsatira za insulin pa kagayidwe kazakudya.

Zikakhala kuti kuchepa kwa timadzi timeneti kumaonedwa m'thupi, izi zimaphatikizira kuphwanya njira ya kulowa kwa glucose kudzera m'matumbo amisempha, minyewa, zomwe zimapangitsa kutsika kwa mphamvu zamagetsi. Mulingo wa insulini ukakwera pazinthu wamba, njirayi imabwezeretseka, komanso mwachilengedwe.

Kufunika kwa thupi ka insulini, kutengera kuchuluka kwa zochita zolimbitsa thupi

Komabe, ndikachulukitsa kochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, maselo a khungu amawonjezera kupezeka kwawo ndipo amatenga shuga wambiri kuposa masiku onse. Ndipo izi zimachitika ngakhale mulingo wa shuga kwambiri. Koma kuopsa kokhala ndi chikomokere kwa hypoglycemic pankhaniyi kumakulanso kangapo.

Cholandirira insulini chimagwira mbali yofunika kwambiri pakupanga glucose homeostasis. Ngati yasokonekera, izi zimapangitsa kuti maselo asinthe kwambiri, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhwima kwa matenda ambiri, omwe mkati mwake simumapezeka matenda a shuga okha, komanso khansa.

Zomwe insulin imapangira odwala matenda ashuga

Poganizira zochita za insulin, munthu sanganene zakhudza chiwindi chake. Ndi chiwalo ichi pomwe thupi limasunga glucose owonjezera, titero, m'chiwonetsero, ndikumachichotsa pokhapokha magazi a shuga atatsika kwambiri.

Ndipo mfundo ina yofunika: insulini, monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, ikukhudzidwa ndi glycolysis, kuyambitsa kuphatikiza kwa michere ina, popanda kuphulika ndi chidwi cha shuga ndi maselo ndizosatheka.

Zotsatira zama protein

Insulin imagwira ntchito yofunika osati mu kagayidwe kazakudya kokha, komanso mapuloteni. Ndiye amene amapereka kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni omwe amabwera ndi chakudya kuma amino acid, omwe amachititsa kuti mapuloteni anu apangidwe mthupi. Ndi kuchepa kwa insulin, njirayi imasokonekera, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zingapo. Kuphatikiza apo, insulin imathandizira kufalitsa kwa DNA polimbikitsa mapangidwe a RNA.

Zokhudza mafuta kagayidwe

Insulin imatenganso gawo lina la lipogenesis - kapangidwe ka mafuta acids. Mapangidwe awo amapezeka panthawi ya kuwola kwa chakudya. Ndipo mafuta acids amakhalanso ofunikira kwambiri kwa thupi, popeza popanda iwo pali kuphwanya mafuta kagayidwe, kamene kamayendera limodzi ndi kakulidwe ka kunenepa kwambiri komanso kuyika kwa maselo amafuta m'ziwalo zamkati.

Jakisoni wa insulin

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu. Monga lamulo, poyamba anthu amapezeka ndi T2DM, ndipo pokhapokha ngati zakudya ndi mankhwala sizitsatiridwa, T1D1 imayamba, pomwe jakisoni wa insulin sangaperekedwe nawo.

Ndi chitukuko cha matenda a shuga amtundu 1, ma jakisoni a insulin okha ndiwo amakulolani kuti mubwerereninso

Mpaka pano, mitundu yotsatirayi ya mankhwala okhala ndi insulin ndiosiyanitsidwa:

• Kuchita mwachangu. Amayamba kuchita pakatha mphindi 5 atangoyendetsa maulendo ochepa ndikufika pachimake patatha ola limodzi. Koma, mankhwalawa ali ndi vuto limodzi - samakhala nthawi yayitali, ndipo kumayambiriro kwake kumayenera kuchitika musanadye chakudya chilichonse kapena kumayambira kwa hypoglycemic coma.
• Zochita zazifupi. Kuchita bwino kumawonedwa pakadutsa mphindi 30 kuchokera pakukhazikitsa. Jakisoni wotere amagwiritsidwanso ntchito musanadye. Komabe, matendawo amatenga nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe amachitira insulin.
• Zochita zapakatikati. Mankhwala oterewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi ma insulin othamanga kapena achidule. Kuchita bwino pambuyo kuwatengera kumawonedwa kwa maola angapo.
• Kuchita motalika. Hypoglycemic mankhwala, mphamvu yake yomwe imawonedwa tsiku lonse. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndikofunikira ndikofunikira mwachangu mwachangu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kangapo patsiku asanadye chakudya nthawi zonse.

Ndi mankhwala omwe amathandizidwa ndi wodwala zimatengera momwe akuwonera komanso kuopsa kwa matendawa. Kuti asankhe chithandizo choyenera, madokotala amafunika kuphunzira kuchuluka kwa magazi mwatsatanetsatane. Pachifukwa ichi, biochemistry ya venous magazi ndi magazi kuchokera pachala zimachitikadi.

Kutengera zotsatira za mayeso, adotolo azitha kusankha osati mankhwalawo, komanso mlingo wake, womwe ungakhale wothandiza kwambiri komanso wotetezeka kwa wodwala. Popeza mulingo woyipa wa insulin ungayambitse hypoglycemia ndi zovuta zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, kudzipereka nokha sikungatheke. Kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoni wa insulin kuyenera kuchitika moyang'aniridwa ndi dokotala.