Mwa chikomokere matenda a shuga ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zowonjezera komanso zovuta za maphunziro a shuga. Matendawa amakula kwambiri ndipo amatha kusintha mosavuta. Amakhulupirira kuti kuchuluka kwambiri kwa shuga mwa munthu wodwala (matenda a hyperglycemic) kungayambitse kudwala matenda ashuga. Kuphatikiza apo, ndimatendawa, matendawa amatha kuonedwa:
- hyperosmolar;
- hypoglycemic (imachitika ndi matenda a shuga 2);
- hyperlactacidemic;
- ketoacidotic (womwe umadziwika kwambiri ndi matenda a shuga 1).
Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa chikhalidwe cha pathological
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimatsogolera kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha matenda ashuga zimaphatikizanso kuwonjezereka kwa shuga mu magazi a wodwala. Izi zitha kuchitika, mwachitsanzo, chifukwa chotsatira kosagwirizana ndi zakudya zamankhwala. Odwala amadziwa momwe matenda ashuga amayambira, ndizovuta kuti muzindikire zizindikiro zake, koma nthawi zambiri samanyalanyaza mawonekedwe ake, omwe amadzala ndi chikomokere.
Kuperewera kwa insulini yeniyeni komanso mtundu wolakwika wa mankhwalawa kumayambitsanso kuchepa kwa magazi. Zotsatira za izi - insulin siyilowa, yomwe siyilola kuti glucose ipangidwe mu zinthu zofunika m'thupi la munthu.
Chiwindi mumkhalidwe woterewu umayamba kupanga shuga osavomerezeka, ndikukhulupirira kuti zinthu zofunika sizinalowe mthupi ndendende chifukwa chosakwanira. Kuphatikiza pa izi, kupanga kwa matupi a ketone kumayambira, komwe, ngati glucose amasonkhanitsidwa kwambiri mthupi, kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa chikumbumtima.
Zikatero, kukhalapo kwa matupi a ketone limodzi ndi glucose kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kotero kuti thupi la wodwalayo silingayankhe mokwanira kuchita izi. Zotsatira zake ndi ketoacidotic chikomokere.
Pali nthawi zina, limodzi ndi shuga, thupi limadzaza ma lactates ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyamba kwa hyperlactacidemic (hyperosmolar) chikomokere.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti si milandu yonse yomwe matenda a shuga amawonedwa mu matenda a shuga omwe amayamba chifukwa cha shuga wamagazi ambiri, chifukwa nthawi zina pamatha kukhala ndi insulin yambiri. M'mikhalidwe yotere, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa shuga m'magazi kumakhala kotsika monga momwe mungakhalire, ndipo wodwalayo amagwa mu vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi.
Zizindikiro za kuyambika kwa chikomokere
Zizindikiro za chikomokere m'matenda a shuga ndizofanana, zomwe zimatikakamiza kuti tipeze malingaliro olondola pokhapokha ngati patakhala maphunziro oyenera a labotale. Kuti ayambe kukula kwa shuga chikomokere, pamafunika kuchuluka kwa shuga pamlingo wa 33 mmol / lita imodzi (3.3-5,5 mmol / lita imadziwika kuti ndizofala).
Zizindikiro za kuyamba kwa chikomokere:
- kukodza pafupipafupi;
- kupweteka mutu;
- kuchepa kwa chakudya;
- ludzu lochulukirapo;
- kufooka kotchulidwa;
- chisangalalo chamanjenje, chomwe chimasandulika kugona, zizindikiro zomwe ndizovuta kuzindikira;
- nseru
- kusanza (osati nthawi zonse).
Ngati zizindikiro zotere zimatha kuchokera maola 12 mpaka 24 popanda chithandizo chokwanira komanso chapanthawi yake, pomwepo wodwalayo angagwe. Ndi chikhalidwe cha iye:
- kusayanja kwathunthu kwa anthu ozungulira ndi zomwe zikuchitika;
- chikumbumtima;
- khungu louma;
- kusazindikira kwathunthu ndi zomwe zimachitika pazokondweretsa zilizonse;
- maso ofewa;
- zimachitika kuchepetsa;
- kununkhira kwa acetone kuchokera mkamwa mwa wodwala;
- dontho mu kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Ngati tikukamba za kukomoka kwa hypoglycemic, ndiye kuti zingakhale zosiyana pang'ono, kupeputsa zizindikiro zina. Muzochitika zoterezi, padzakhala kumverera kwakuthwa kwa njala, mantha, kuda nkhawa, kunjenjemera m'thupi, kuwunika kwamphepo mwachangu kufooka, thukuta.
Mutha kuyimitsa kumayambiriro kwa izi mwa kudya pang'ono lokoma, monga shuga. Ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti pamakhala kusowa kwa chikumbumtima komanso kuyamba kwa kukomoka. Minofu imakhala bwino komanso khungu limanyowa.
Kodi khansa ya matenda ashuga imapezeka bwanji?
Kuti muzindikire kuperewera kwa matenda a shuga, simuyenera kungoyesedwa ndi dokotala, komanso mayeso ofunikira a labotale. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuyezetsa magazi konsekonse, zamkati zamkati, magazi, komanso kuwunika kwa shuga.
Mtundu uliwonse wamtundu wokhala ndi matenda umadziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa shuga m'magazi oposa 33 mmol / lita, ndipo shuga amapezeka mkodzo. Ndi chikomero cha hyperglycemic, sipadzakhalanso zizindikilo zina zake.
Ketoacidotic coma imadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa matupi a ketone mkodzo. Kwa hyperosmolar, kuchuluka kwa plasma osmolarity. Hyperlactacidemic imadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa magazi a lactic acid.
Kodi amathandizira bwanji?
Kukoma kulikonse kwa odwala matenda ashuga kumaphatikiza chithandizo chake, choyambirira, ndikofunikira kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zizindikiro zenizeni ndizofunikira pano.
Izi zitha kuchitika mosavuta poyendetsa insulini (kapena shuga wa hypoglycemia). Kuphatikiza apo, amapanga njira ya kulowetsedwa, yomwe imaphatikizapo ma jakisoni ndi ma jakisoni omwe ali ndi mayankho apadera omwe angachotse kuphwanya kwa mawonekedwe a magazi a electrolyte, kuthetsa kuchepa kwa madzi ndi kubweretsa acidity yachibadwa.
Njira zonsezi zimachitidwa mosamalitsa kwa masiku angapo. Pambuyo pake, wodwalayo amatha kusamutsidwira ku dipatimenti ya endocrinology, komwe mkhalidwe wake umakhazikika, ndiye kuti ayenera kutsatira momveka bwino momwe shuga, shuga m'magazi limakhalira.
Matenda a shuga - zovuta zake
Monga nthawi zina zilizonse, mukapempha thandizo la kuchipatala munthawi yake, zidzakhala zotheka kupewa kupewa kufooka komanso kusazindikira, komanso kuyambiranso kudwala komwe kumadwala matenda oyamba odwala matenda ashuga. Ngati izi sizinachitike, ndiye kuti wodwala amwalira posachedwa. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zamankhwala zaposachedwa, anthu omwe amafa pakukula kwa zovuta zoterezi ndi pafupifupi 10% ya odwala onse omwe ali ndi matendawa.
