Zochitika zowonjezera za matenda ashuga ndi mawonekedwe ake ovuta kwambiri, omwe amadziwika ndi kusintha kwakuthwa m'magazi a shuga m'magazi, sangathe kuyanjana ndi zovuta zamagulu amisala kapena zosiyidwa zamafuta zochizira matendawa.
Mlingo wosakhazikika wa shuga umabweretsa kukula kwa vuto la hypoglycemia, komanso kuwonongeka kwa impso, mantha am'mitsempha, ziwiya zazikulu komanso zazing'ono, mtima, zomwe zimayambitsa chiwopsezo cha kulumala ndi kufa.
Mavuto posankha mtundu wa insulin kuti ulipire mtundu uwu wa shuga umathandizira kuti akhale ndi chikomokere pafupipafupi, ketoacidosis. Kuchulukana pafupipafupi kumayambitsa kufunikira kwa chithandizo chamankhwala, chomwe chimachepetsa magwiridwe antchito ndikuchepetsa mayanjano a odwala.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa Matenda A shuga Asakhazikika
Matenda a shuga a labile nthawi zambiri amagwirizanitsidwa ndi machitidwe olakwika a insulin. Matenda oterewa adafotokozedwa ndi wasayansi waku America a Michael Somogy ndipo adawutcha kuti post-hypoglycemic hyperglycemia. Mlingo waukulu wa insulin umatsitsa magazi.
Kuyankha kwamthupi kumalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa ma hormone opikisana, chifukwa amamuyesa ngati wopsinjika, wowopsa m'moyo. Izi zimayamba mndandanda wazokambirana ndi kutsegula kwa hypothalamus, ndiye ma pituitary ndi adrenal gland. Kuchulukitsidwa kwa machitidwe amanjenje achifundo ndi mahomoni kumabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi.
Kuchita kumeneku kumakhala ndi: adrenaline, adrenocorticotropic timadzi, cortisol, mahomoni okula ndi glucagon. Kuphatikizika kwawo kumabweretsa kutsekeka kwamafuta ndikuwoneka m'magazi a matupi a ketone, kukula kwa ketoacidosis.
Mthupi lathanzi, kubwezeretsedwa kwa hypoglycemia kumabwezeretsa mwakale, ndipo mu matenda a shuga kumabweretsa chiwonetsero chokhazikika cha hyperglycemia. Imatha kukhala maola 8 mpaka 72.
Zomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia pankhaniyi zitha kuphatikizidwa osati kokha ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, komanso zifukwa izi:
- Kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi.
- Kumwa mowa.
- Kulimbitsa thupi.
- Kuchita misala.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga
Popeza kuukiridwa kwa hypoglycemia ndi shuga wamagazi ambiri kusinthana wina ndi mnzake, zizindikiro zamankhwala ndizosiyanasiyana. Nthawi yomweyo, hypoglycemia simangotchulidwa nthawi zonse, koma imabisika, kotero, odwala samalabadira izi.
Zizindikiro za latent hypoglycemia zitha kufooka kapena chizungulire, kupweteka mutu, komwe kumatha pambuyo kudya. Zovuta zausiku zimachitika monga zosokoneza tulo, kulota kwambiri ndi zoopsa, kugona pang'ono komanso kugona. Nthawi zambiri kumachitika thukuta usiku, mutu.
Ana, achinyamata ndi achinyamata omwe ali ndi mankhwala a insulin ndi omwe amatha kupatsidwa hyperglycemia. Matenda a shuga ophatikizira omwe amapezeka m'magawo amachitika motsutsana ndi mtundu wabwinobwino kapena wowonjezera thupi, chomwe ndichizindikiro chofunikira pakuwazindikira.
Zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimakhala ndi insulin yayikulu:
- Labile shuga komanso kusinthasintha kwakuthwa m'magazi m'masana.
- Zochitika ku ketoacidosis.
- Pafupipafupi kapena kubisa ma hypoglycemia.
- Ndi shuga wambiri, odwala sataya kunenepa.
- Kuchulukitsa mlingo wa insulin kumakulitsa maphunziro a shuga.
- Kuphatikiza kwa matenda opatsirana kapena matenda ena kumapangitsa kagayidwe kazakudya.
- Mumkodzo, acetone amadziwika ndi pang'ono
Maganizo a anthu akusinthanso - odwalawa amakhala osakwiya, osakhudzika, amakhala osakhudzidwa ndipo amakhala ndi vuto kwa okondedwa, kupsinjika kapena kusowa chidwi, komanso kulira.
Komanso, mawonekedwe osintha kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe - kusiya chidwi pa zinthu zomwe kale zinali zosangalatsa, zoopsa, kudzipatula, kenako kupsa mtima kapena kuwonekera. Chizindikiro chimodzi - kutengera komwe kuli njala yakuthwa, kusakhudzidwa ndi chakudya kumawonetsedwa, kusafuna kudya.
Mwana wodwala akaikidwa mankhwala okwanira insulin ya nthawi yayitali komanso kutsika kwake kumachitika usiku ndi usiku, ndiye kuti ana amalira m'tulo, amakuwa, ndipo m'mawa kusokonezeka sikungakumbukire zochitika za usiku, masana mwana ali woopsa, wosapweteka.
Ziwopsezo zaukali, machitidwe asocial, ndi kukana chakudya ndizomwe zimachitika achinyamata. Odwala achikulire amadandaula chifukwa chovuta kuyikira, zovuta kuchita ntchito, kugona kugona masana, mutu.
Pakhoza kukhalanso masanjidwe opindika a paroxysmal, kuwonekera kwa mfundo zowala kapena "ntchentche" patsogolo pa maso.
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga
Kupereka chithandizo, ndikofunikira kutsimikizira kusinthasintha kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, kuwulula ma hypoglycemia, omwe amakwaniritsidwa pang'onopang'ono ndikuwonetsetsa shuga wa magazi tsiku lililonse.
Pofuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa insulin, njira ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: mwachangu - kwa masiku 10-15 komanso pang'onopang'ono, pamene mlingo umachepetsedwa ndi 10-20 peresenti m'miyezi iwiri.
Koma, monga lamulo, pokhapokha kuchepetsa mlingo sikungakhale kotheka kukhazikika kwa njira ya matenda ashuga. Kubweretsa kagayidwe kakang'ono ka chakudya kwa odwala oterowo, kusintha kwa zakudya ndi kachulukidwe ka chakudya kovuta kumabwera pazabwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti njira zoteteza kusinthasintha kwa shuga m'magazi:
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin yochepa, jakisoni kasanu patsiku musanadye.
- Miyeso ya shuga imatengedwa maola 4 aliwonse kwa sabata limodzi.
- Kuwunikira thanzi la chipangizocho poyesa shuga wamagazi, komanso thanzi la zida zamankhwala zothandizira kuperekera insulin.
- Kutsatira ndi njira yolimbikitsira yochita zolimbitsa thupi.
Kanemayo munkhaniyi akuwonetsa zonse zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga.
