Shuga m'thupi umakhudzidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kwa magwiridwe olimba a ziwalo, shuga ayenera kukhala abwinobwino.
Kusokera kosiyanasiyana pamakhalidwe abwinobwino kumakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa ndipo kumayambitsa kupita patsogolo kwa matenda, makamaka matenda a shuga mellitus.
Kafukufuku wokhudza kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi amafunikira kuti adziwe momwe thanzi limayendera komanso momwe mungayankhire. Mutha kutenga shuga wamagazi kuchokera pachala kapena kuchokera mu mtsempha.
Udindo wa shuga mthupi
Shuga ndiye mphamvu yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito maselo ndi minofu. Shuga amalowa m'thupi atalandira chakudya. Zambiri zimapezeka m'chiwindi, ndikupanga glycogen. Thupi likasowa chinthu, mahomoni amasintha glycogen kukhala glucose.
Kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuchuluka kwa glucose ndikosasintha, chizindikirocho chimayendetsedwa ndi insulin, timadzi tambiri ta kapamba.
Ndi kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose mu kapamba, kupanga glucagon kumayamba. Norepinephrine ndi adrenaline, omwe amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal gland, amakulitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose.
Glucocorticoids imakhudzanso mwachindunji, imathandizanso pakupanga adrenaline. Zinthu zina zokhala ndi mahomoni zimathanso kuwonjezera shuga.
Ma mahomoni angapo amakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa glucose, koma ndi m'modzi yekha amene amatha kutsitsa izi.
Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Vutoli limadziwika kuti ndi loopsa, chifukwa limayambitsa kuphwanya kosiyanasiyana. Zizindikiro zazikulu za hyperglycemia ndi:
- ludzu losalekeza
- ziume zowuma,
- kukodza pafupipafupi.
Nthawi zina, kuwonjezeka kwa glucose amadziwika ngati zochita za thupi. Mwachitsanzo, izi zimachitika ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu, katundu wolemera, komanso kuvulala.
Muzochitika izi, hyperglycemia imakhala kanthawi kochepa. Kukula kwa shuga kwa chiwonetsero cha shuga kumawonetsa matenda. Zomwe zimayambitsa, monga lamulo, ndizovuta zina.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumakwera chifukwa cha endocrine matenda. Pakati pa zovuta zotere, matenda a shuga ndi ofala kwambiri. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa glucose komanso zovuta zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi zovuta za metabolic. Muzochitika izi, madipoziti amafuta amawoneka, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa thupi.
Ndi matenda a chiwindi, shuga amayambanso kukwera. Kwa ma pathologies ambiri a chiwalochi, hyperglycemia ndi mawonekedwe awonekera. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndikuphwanya chofunikira cha chiwindi, kotero pali kuyika kwa glucose mu mawonekedwe a glycogen.
Chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a hyperglycemia ndi kumeza shuga wambiri kudzera mu chakudya. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti shuga imakhazikika thupi, ndikupereka mphamvu zochuluka zomwe zimafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi.
Chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuyamba. Kupsinjika kwakanthawi kumayambitsa gwero la adrenal, lomwe limapanga mahomoni ofunikira kuti munthu asinthe. Kuchuluka kwa shuga kukuwonjezereka, chifukwa chakuti thupi limataya mphamvu yake yokwanira kulimeza.
Chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana, hyperglycemia ikhoza kuchitika. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika ndi matenda, omwe amadziwika ndi kutupa kwa minofu. Kumbukirani kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa matenda a shuga. Chifukwa cha izi, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Zizindikiro zotsatirazi za hyperglycemia ndizodziwika bwino:
- chikhumbo chofuna kumwa madzi
- kuchepa kwamtima
- kutaya mphamvu
- kutopa,
- kamwa yowuma
- kuchepa chitetezo chokwanira,
- kukonzanso kwanthawi yayitali kwa mabala, mabala ndi mabala,
- kuyabwa kwa khungu.
Milingo ya shuga imatha kupezeka ngati mumatsatira zakudya zapadera zamagulu, momwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a shuga kumacheperachepera.
Hyperglycemia imatha kukhala vuto loyima palokha, kapena chizindikiro cha matenda m'thupi.
Hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia imatchedwa kuchuluka kwa glucose m'magazi. Matenda amtunduwu amatha kuwoneka chifukwa cha zakudya zokhwima zomwe zimakhala zopanda chakudya. Zizindikiro zazikulu za hypoglycemia ndi:
- mphwayi
- kutopa
- nseru
- kusakhazikika
- migraines.
Chimodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa hypoglycemia imadziwika kuti ndizolimbitsa thupi kwambiri. Ndi hypoglycemia, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chambiri kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti thupi lizitopa.
Chizindikiro chofunikira cha hypoglycemia ndi:
- chizungulire
- kukwiya,
- kutopa kosalekeza
- kukodza pafupipafupi, makamaka usiku,
- nseru
- kumverera kwamimba yopanda kanthu.
Chomwe chimapangitsa izi zimachitika ndichakuti bongo sangapeze zakudya zokwanira.
Ngati simukuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse magazi, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndi kukokana kwambiri kwa minofu, kuchepa kwa chidwi, vuto la kuyankhula. Pakhoza kukhalanso kusokonezeka m'malo.
Vuto lowopsa la hypoglycemia ndilo sitiroko, pomwe minofu ya muubongo imawonongeka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mwayi wokhala ndi vuto lakukhalabe. Ndi matenda awa, munthu amatha kufa.
Glucose wotsika amatha kuthandizidwa ndikukonzanso zakudya. Ndikofunikira kupindulitsa zakudya ndi shuga.
Shuga wochepa, monga hyperglycemia, ndi vuto lomwe lingawononge thupi.
Glucose
Mwana wochepera zaka 1 mwezi ayenera kukhala ndi chizindikiro cha 2.8 mpaka 4, 4 mmol / L. Ana osakwana zaka 14 nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi shuga pamlingo wa 3.2-5,5 mmol / L. Kuyambira zaka 14 mpaka 60, glucose wamagazi sayenera kukhala ochepera 3,2 ndi oposa 5.5 mmol. Anthu azaka zapakati pa 60 mpaka 90 amakhala ndi shuga wabwinobwino wazaka 4.6-6.4 mmol / L. Kupitilira apo, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi 4.2-6.7 mmol / L.
Mafuta abwinobwino am'magazi pamimba yopanda kanthu ndi 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L, zikafika kwa munthu wathanzi. Izi nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa ndi zamankhwala. Mukatha kudya, shugayo amatha kudumpha mpaka 7.8 mmol / h, yemwenso imadziwika kuti ndizovomerezeka.
Zizindikiro zomwe zawonetsedwa pamwambapa ndizofanana ndi shuga pamutu chala. Phunziroli likachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera m'mitsempha, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakhala kokwezeka nthawi zonse. Mwanjira imeneyi, shuga pafupifupi 6.1 mmol / L amaloledwa.
Matenda a shuga, mosasamala kanthu za mitundu yake, amafunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa zakudya zapadera.
Kuti musunge shuga mthupi ndi matenda ashuga, muyenera kutsatira malangizo azachipatala ndikutsatira zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Mutha kusankha nokha masewera osatopetsa komanso zolimbitsa thupi nthawi zonse. Pankhaniyi, shuga msanga azikhala pafupi ndi zomwe zikuwonetsa munthu wathanzi.
Kuzindikira matenda a shuga kumachitika mwa anthu azaka zonse atatha kuyesa shuga wa shuga pamimba yopanda kanthu. Madokotala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tebulo yoyenera. Miyezo yofunikira ya shuga m'magazi ndi:
- Mtundu wa shuga m'magazi a capillary pamimba yopanda kanthu kuchokera pa 6.1 mmol / l,
- Mulingo wa shuga m'mwazi wama venous umachokera pa 7 mmol / l.
Ngati magazi amatengedwa kuti akhale ndi shuga ola limodzi mutatha kudya, ndiye kuti chizindikirocho chimafikira 10 mmol / L. Pambuyo pa mphindi 120, chizolowezi chizikhala mpaka 8 mmol / L. Asanagone, madzulo, glucose amachepetsa, mtengo wake pakadali pano ndi 6 mmol / l.
Mwazi wamagazi osavomerezeka ukhoza kukhala wovuta pakati pa ana ndi akulu.
Madokotala amatcha matendawo prediabetes. Mkulu wa glucose amasokonezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana a 5.5 - 6 mmol / L.
Shuga Cheki
Kuti muwone shuga wamagazi, muyenera kukayikira matenda. Zisonyezero za kusanthula kwambiri ludzu, kuyimitsidwa pakhungu ndi kukodza pafupipafupi. Kodi kuyeza shuga wamagazi ndi glucometer ndi iti? Mayezedwe amayenera kumwedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu, kunyumba, kapena kuchipatala.
Mita ya shuga m'magazi ndi chipangizo choyeza shuga m'magazi chomwe chimafuna dontho laling'ono. Izi zangokhala ndi ndemanga zabwino zokha. Mametawo akuwonetsa zotsatira atatha kuyeza, kuziwonetsa pazowonetsa.
Musanagwiritse ntchito mita, muyenera kuphunzira malangizo. Kusanthula kumachitika pamimba yopanda kanthu, chifukwa kwa maola khumi mutuwu suyenera kudya chakudya. Manja azisambitsidwa bwino ndi sopo, kenako ndikuyenda moyenera, ndikani pakati ndi zala zakumapazi, ndikuwapukuta ndi yankho la mowa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chosavulaza, iwo amatenga magazi a shuga kuchokera pachala. Dontho loyamba silikugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo dontho lachiwiri pa mzere woyesera, womwe umayikidwa mu chipangizocho. Kenako mita imawerengera zambiri ndikuwonetsa zotsatira zake.
Ngati mita ikuwonetsa kuti glucose anu othamanga magazi ndi okwera kwambiri, mukuyenera kuyesanso kuchokera ku mtsempha pansi pa malo a labotale. Njira iyi imapereka kuwerengera kwama glucose kolondola kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, chisonyezo cholondola kwambiri cha shuga m'magazi a anthu chidzaululidwa. Dokotala ayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa chizindikirocho mosiyana ndi chizolowezi. Miyeso ingapo ndi yofunika panthawi yoyamba.
Ngati zizindikiro zazikuluzikulu za matenda ashuga zikuluzikulu, ndiye kuti mutha kuchita kafukufuku m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Palibe mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe, kuzindikira kwake kumapangidwa pokhazikika pamlingo wokwanira shuga. Kusanthula kuyenera kuchitika kawiri pa masiku osiyanasiyana. Kuwunika koyamba kumatengedwa pamimba yopanda kanthu m'mawa pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer, kuwunika kwachiwiri kumatengedwa kuchokera kumtsempha.
Nthawi zina anthu amakonda kuchepetsa kudya zakudya zina asanakayeze. Izi sizofunikira, chifukwa chizindikiritso cha magazi chikhoza kukhala chosadalirika. Sizoletsedwa kudya zakudya zambiri zotsekemera.
Mlingo wa shuga umakhudzidwa ndi:
- matenda ena
- kuchuluka kwa matenda osachiritsika,
- mimba
- psycho-state state.
Asanaphenso, munthu ayenera kupuma. Tsiku lisanafike kusanthula silikulimbikitsidwa kumwa mowa ndi mafuta ambiri.
Mwazi wamagazi amayeza pamimba yopanda kanthu. Ngati munthu ali pachiwopsezo, amayesedwa kawiri pachaka. Komanso, phunziroli liyenera kuchitidwa ndi anthu onse omwe adutsa zaka 40 zapitazi.
Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga amaphatikizapo:
- azimayi oyembekezera
- anthu onenepa kwambiri.
Komanso, anthu omwe achibale awo adadwala mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga amakhala ndi matendawa.
Sikovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwanu kwa glycemic. Ngati munthu akudziwa zomwe zili ponseponse, ngati angapatuke, apita kwa dokotala mwachangu ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo. Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amaopseza thanzi komanso moyo ndi zovuta zake. Kanemayo munkhaniyi apitiliza mutu wa kuyesa magazi.
