Matenda a shuga amayamba ndi kulephera mu dongosolo la endocrine, pomwe magazi a wodwalayo amakhala okwera kwambiri nthawi zonse. Vutoli limatchedwa hyperglycemia, kukula komwe kumakhudzidwa ndi kusowa kwa insulin kapena zinthu zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwa mahomoni a kapamba.
Mu shuga, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya njira za metabolic (mafuta, mapuloteni, chakudya) amasokonezeka. Komanso, matendawa amatengera ntchito ya machitidwe ndi ziwalo zosiyanasiyana - mtima, impso, maso, mtsempha wamagazi.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda ashuga: Mtundu 1 - wodalira insulini, mtundu wa 2 - wosadalira insulini. Palinso mtundu wachitatu wa matenda, omwe amayenda limodzi ndi ma syndromes ena ndi zomwe zimayambitsa, chimodzi mwazolephera zomwe zimachitika motsutsana ndi maziko a matenda oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo monga nthomba. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kulingalira mwatsatanetsatane magwiritsidwe ake a mawonekedwe a matenda a hyperglycemia.
Chifukwa chiyani matenda ashuga amapezeka pambuyo pa nthomba?
Kuti mumvetsetse chifukwa chake matenda am'mimba amayamba chifukwa cha matenda oyamba ndi kachilombo, ndikofunikira kulingalira zifukwa zingapo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimalumikizana mosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti pali anthu omwe ali pachiwopsezo omwe achibale awo akudwala matenda a shuga.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti ku mbali ya amayi, mwayi wolandira matenda a shuga ndi 3-7%, ndipo kumbali ya makolo, 10%. Ngati makolo onse ali ndi matenda ashuga, ndiye kuti mwayiwo umakwera mpaka 70%. Pankhaniyi, matenda a shuga a mtundu wa 2 amakula nthawi zambiri kuposa oyambawo, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwake kumakwera mpaka 80-100%.
Chinanso chomwe chimawonjezera mwayi wa matenda a shuga ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Kupatula apo, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda amtunduwu nawonso amadwala kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, odwala oterewa amakonda kutengeka ndi mtima.
Choyambitsa chachitatu cha matenda osokoneza bongo a hyperglycemia ndimatenda opatsirana ndi ma virus, monga fuluwenza, rubella, hepatitis, ndi nthomba. Matenda opatsirana amayambitsa njira ya autoimmune, ndikuyambitsa matenda amthupi.
Komabe, izi sizitanthauza kuti aliyense yemwe ali ndi nthomba kapena chimfine, pambuyo pake adzadwala matenda a shuga. Koma ndi kutengera kwa chibadwa komanso kunenepa kwambiri, mwayi wa matenda oopsa a hyperglycemia ukuwonjezeka kwambiri.
M'pofunika kuganizira momwe mungapangire kukula kwa matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba pambuyo pa matenda opatsirana mwatsatanetsatane. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, nthomba ndi matenda a autoimmune. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mkati mwanjira yake, chitetezo chokwanira chimayamba kulimbana ndi maselo ake chimodzimodzi momwe amayenera kulimbana ndi ma virus.
Zinapezeka kuti m'thupi laumunthu mumakhala majini omwe amayambitsa kusiyana pakati pa maselo awo ndi achilendo, kuphatikiza ma cell a B a kapamba. Komabe, amalephera, chifukwa chitetezo cha mthupi chimangowononga osati othandizira akunja, komanso maselo ake omwe, omwe sangathe kubwezeretsedwanso. Chifukwa chake, pankhaniyi, ngakhale kupatsirana kapamba kumakhala kopanda tanthauzo, chifukwa kulephera kunachitika molondola m'thupi.
Momwe matenda opatsirana a virus amayambitsa matenda a shuga 1 samawululidwa mokwanira. Komabe, ziwerengero zikuwonetsa kuti kwa odwala ambiri, kuzindikira koteroko kumachitika pambuyo pa matenda osiyanasiyana a ma virus omwe angakhale ndi zotsutsana zosiyanasiyana pamakina a shuga.
Amadziwika kuti ma virus ena amapha kapena kuwononga gawo lalikulu lama cell apancreatic. Koma nthawi zambiri pathogen imanyenga chitetezo cha mthupi.
Mapuloteni opangidwa ndi kachilombo ka Varicella-Zoster ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi maselo omwe amapangidwa ndi insulin.
Ndipo pakuwononga othandizira, chitetezo cha mthupi molakwika chimayamba kuwononga minyewa yamatumbo, yomwe imayambitsa matenda a shuga a insulin.
Kukupox: Zizindikiro
Chox pox ndi owopsa chifukwa akupatsirana. Chifukwa chake, ngati munthu m'modzi ali ndi matenda, ndiye kuti patapita kanthawi adzadwala anthu ambiri omuzungulira, makamaka iwo omwe sanakumanepo ndi matendawa.
Chikuku nthawi zambiri chimakula asanakwanitse zaka 15. Pambuyo pofalitsa matendawa, wodwalayo amatenga chitetezo chokwanira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chifukwa chake, anthu ambiri amadwala kamodzi kokha m'moyo.
Chakudya cha nkhuku ndi chosavuta kudziwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimachitika patadutsa masabata atatu kuchokera pamene kachilomboka kanalowa mthupi.
Chizindikiro chodalirika chopezeka ndi kachilomboka ndikuwoneka ngati totupa thupi. Poyamba, totupa ndi malo ang'onoang'ono amtundu wapinki, omwe mwa mwana m'modzi amakhala thovu lodzaza madzi. Mwa njira, nthawi zambiri kukhathamira ndi matenda ashuga ndicho chizindikiro choyamba.
Ziphuphu zoterezi sizitha kuphimba khungu, komanso nembanemba. Popita nthawi, thovu limayamba kuphulika. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imatha osaposa sabata limodzi.
Zizindikiro zina za nkhuku:
- kupweteka pamimba kapena mutu;
- kuyabwa m'dera la totupa;
- kuzizira komanso kunjenjemera.
Kukula mwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha (mpaka madigiri 39.5) kumayendera limodzi ndi nthomba. Zovuta zilipo mwa anthu patsiku loyamba la matendawa, ndipo kale munthawi imeneyi wodwalayo akufalikira.
Komabe, malinga ndi chizindikiro ichi, ndizosatheka kudziwa kukhalapo kwa matendawa, chifukwa kutentha kumatha kugwirizanitsidwa ndi matenda ena angapo, mwachitsanzo, chimfine.
Chithandizo ndi kupewa
Pakakhala matuza oyamba odwala, ndikofunikira kudzipatula. Ndipo kutentha, dotolo amayitanidwira mnyumbayo. Monga lamulo, palibe chifukwa chogonekera kuchipatala, koma pakakhala zovuta zazikulu wodwala amatha kuyikidwa kuchipatala.
Zoyambira zamankhwala ndizosintha wamba zovala zamkati ndi zofunda. Zithandizo zapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mafinya. Ndipo kuti muchepetse kuyabwa, mutha kusamba zitsamba.
Kuti muchiritsidwe mwachangu, wodwalayo amafunika kupumula ndikukonzekera mavitamini. Zotsirizazi ndizofunikira kuti tisungidwe chitetezo chathupi, chomwe chingapewe kuyambiranso komanso kupewa matenda a shuga.
Koma chochita kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi vuto la nthomba. Odwala omwe amadalira insulin ayenera kupitilirabe kubayira insulin. Ngati malamulo onse atsatiridwa, ndiye kuti kachilomboka sikungavulaze kwambiri, koma poyimitsa simungathe kuphatikiza zilonda, chifukwa ndimatenda a shuga, zotupa zimakhala zakuya.
Omwe amaletsedwa kutenga chikuku (chokhala ndi chitetezo chokwanira, njira zopatsitsika) amalimbikitsidwa katemera. Ngati ikuchitika musanakwanitse zaka 13, ndiye kuti izi ndizokwanira kupeza chitetezo chokhazikika, paukalamba muyenera kutenga jakisoni awiri kuti muteteze kwathunthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ngati wina ali ndi nthomba mbanja, njira zotsatirazi ziyenera kuonedwa:
- kuvala bandeji ya gauze;
- kuchapa zovala za wodwalayo mosiyana ndi zinthu za banja labwino;
- kugwiritsa ntchito nyali ya quartz;
- ntchito ndi odwala omwe ali ndi ziwiya zaukhondo;
- kuyang'anira pafupipafupi m'chipindacho ndi kukhazikitsa chonyowa;
Kuphatikiza apo, wodwalayo ndi onse m'banjamo ayenera kumwa mavitamini (Oligim, Vitrum, Complivit), omwe amalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Ndikofunikanso kuonanso zakudyazo ndikuphatikiza zakudya zopatsa thanzi, mapuloteni, zakudya zazitali ndi mafuta azamasamba.
Pazizindikiro komanso mitundu ya nkhuku imawuza kanemayo m'nkhaniyi.
