Insulin imatchedwa maziko a carbohydrate metabolism. Hormone iyi yomwe thupi la munthu limapanga nthawi yonseyo. Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa momwe mungabayire bwino insulin - musanadye kapena mutatha, chifukwa chinsinsi cha insulin chimapangidwira ndipo chimakhala choyambira.
Ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la insulin lokwanira, ndiye kuti cholinga cha mankhwalawa ndicho kubwereza molondola kwambiri kwachinsinsi chonse komanso zolimbitsa thupi.
Kuti maziko a insulini azikhala okhazikika, komanso kuti azikhala osasunthika, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale mlingo wokwanira wa insulin.
Kuchita insulin nthawi yayitali
Dziwani kuti jekeseni wambiri wa insulin amayenera kuyika m'thumba kapena ntchafu. Zingwe za insulin zoterezi m'manja kapena m'mimba sizololedwa.
Kufunika koyamwa pang'onopang'ono kumafotokozera chifukwa chake ma jekeseni amayenera kuyikidwa m'malo awa. Mankhwala osakhalitsa ayenera kubayidwa m'mimba kapena mkono. Izi zimachitika kuti nsonga yayitali ikulingana ndi nthawi yamagetsi yamagetsi.
Kutalika kwa mankhwala a sing'anga nthawi yayitali mpaka maola 16. Mwa otchuka:
- Gensulin N.
- Insuman Bazal.
- Protafan NM.
- Biosulin N.
- Humulin NPH.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo a Ultra omwe amagwira ntchito kwa maola opitilira 16, pakati pawo:
- Lantus.
- Levemir.
- Tresiba Chatsopano.
Lantus, Tresiba ndi Levemir ndiosiyana ndi kukonzekera kwina kwa insulini osati kokha ndi kupezeka kosiyana, komanso kuwonekera kwakunja. Mankhwala a gulu loyambalo ali ndi khungu loyera, asanakonzekere, chidebechi chizikulungika m'manja. Pankhaniyi, yankho lake limakhala mitambo.
Kusiyanaku kukufotokozedwa ndi njira zosiyana zopangira. Mankhwala a nthawi yayitali ali ndi nsonga zambiri. Palibe ziwonetsero zotere popanga mankhwala osokoneza bongo osakhalitsa.
Ma insulini okhala ndi nthawi yayitali alibe mitengo. Mukamasankha mtundu wa insulin ya basal, mawonekedwewa amayenera kukumbukiridwa. Malamulo onse, komabe, amagwira ntchito pa mitundu yonse ya insulin.
Mlingo wa insulin yomwe yakhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali iyenera kusankhidwa kuti kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi pakati pa chakudya kumakhala koyenera.
Kusinthasintha pang'ono kwa 1-1.5 mmol / L ndikuloledwa.
Yaitali usiku usiku insulin
Ndikofunikira kusankha insulin yoyenera usiku. Ngati wodwalayo sanachite izi pano, mutha kuyang'ana kuchuluka kwa shuga usiku. Mukuyenera kuyeza miyezo maola atatu aliwonse:
- 21:00,
- 00:00,
- 03:00,
- 06:00.
Ngati panthawi inayake pamakhala kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kuchuluka kwa glucose motsogozedwa kapena kuchepa, izi zikutanthauza kuti insulini yausiku sinasankhidwe bwino. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuwunika mankhwalawa panthawiyi.
Munthu amatha kugona ndi index index ya 6 mmol / L, nthawi ya 00:00 usiku amakhala ndi 6.5 mmol / L, pa 3:00 glucose amawonjezeka mpaka 8.5 mmol / L, ndipo pofika m'mawa amakhala kwambiri. Izi zikusonyeza kuti insulini pogona isanalowe muyezo ndipo iyenera kuwonjezeka.
Ngati zochuluka zotere zimalembedwa usiku, izi zikuwonetsa kusowa kwa insulin. Nthawi zina zomwe zimachitika ndi hypently hypemlycemia, yomwe imabwezera m'magazi momwe magazi amawonjezera.
Muyenera kuyang'ana chifukwa chake shuga akuwonjezeka usiku. Nthawi yoyeza shuga:
- 00:00,
- 01:00,
- 02:00,
- 03:00.
Kutalika kwa tsiku ndi tsiku insulin
Pafupifupi mankhwala onse omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali amafunika kubayidwa kawiri pa tsiku. Lantus ndi m'badwo waposachedwa wa insulin, uyenera kutengedwa nthawi 1 mu maola 24.
Tisaiwale kuti ma insulin onse kupatula Levemir ndi Lantus ali ndi chinsinsi chawo. Nthawi zambiri amapezeka mankhwala atatha maola 6-8. Munthawi imeneyi, shuga amatha kuchepetsedwa, omwe akuyenera kuwonjezeka pakudya mkate wowerengeka.
Mukamayesa insulin ya tsiku ndi tsiku mutatha kudya, ayenera kudutsa maola anayi. Mwa anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ma insulin afupiafupi, nthawi ndi maola 6-8, chifukwa pali mawonekedwe a machitidwe a mankhwalawa. Zina mwa insulin zotchedwa:
- Khalid
- Humulin R,
- Gensulin R.
Pezani jakisoni musanadye
Ngati munthu ali ndi matenda a shuga 1 am'madzi kwambiri, jakisoni wa insulin yowonjezera madzulo ndi m'mawa, ndikuchotsetsa chakudya chisanafike. Koma ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga kapena mtundu wa matenda ashuga 1 wofatsa, ndichizolowezi kupangira jakisoni ochepa.
Kuyeza shuga kumafunika nthawi iliyonse musanadye chakudya, ndipo mutha kuchita izi maola ochepa mukatha kudya. Kuwona kungawonetsetse kuti shuga ali bwino masana kupatula kupumira madzulo. Izi zikusonyeza kuti jakisoni wa insulin yochepa ndiyofunikira pakadali pano.
Kugawana njira yomweyo ya insulin kwa aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ndi koopsa komanso kosavomerezeka. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zimatha kudziwa kuti munthu m'modzi amafunika kupatsidwa jakisoni asanadye, ndipo chinthu china ndikwanira.
Chifukwa chake, mwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a 2, zimakhala kuti pakhale shuga wabwinobwino. Ngati uwu ndi mtundu wa matendawa, ikani insulini yochepa musanadye chakudya cham'mawa komanso m'mawa. Asanadye nkhomaliro, mutha kumwa mapiritsi a Siofor okha.
M'mawa, insulin imakhala yofooka pang'ono kuposa nthawi ina iliyonse masana. Izi ndichifukwa cha m'mawa. Zomwezo zimaperekanso insulin yomwe, yomwe imatulutsa kapamba, komanso yomwe odwala matenda ashuga amalandira ndi jakisoni. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna insulin yofulumira, monga lamulo, mumayamwa jakisoni asanadye chakudya cham'mawa.
Aliyense wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kudziwa momwe angapangire jakisoni molondola musanadye kapena pambuyo chakudya. Kuti mupewe hypoglycemia monga momwe mungathere, muyenera choyamba kuchepetsa magazi mosamala, kenako ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono. Poterepa, ndikofunikira kuyeza shuga kwakanthawi.
M'masiku ochepa mutha kudziwa kuchuluka kwanu. Cholinga ndikupanga shuga pamlingo wokhazikika, monga mwa munthu wathanzi. Pankhaniyi, 4.6 ± 0,6 mmol / L musanadye chakudya kapena chakudya mukamatha kudya ndiye kuti ndi chizolowezi.
Nthawi iliyonse, chizindikirocho sichiyenera kukhala ochepera 3.5-3.8 mmol / l. Mlingo wa insulin yofulumira komanso nthawi yayitali kuti muwatengere zimatengera mtundu ndi chakudya chochuluka. Ziyenera kulembedwa zomwe zakudya zimadyedwa m'magalamu. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugula muyeso wamakhitchini. Ngati mutsatira zakudya zamafuta ochepa kuti muchepetse matenda a shuga, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yochepa musanadye, mwachitsanzo:
- Actrapid NM
- Humulin Wokhazikika,
- Insuman Rapid GT,
- Biosulin R.
Mutha kubayanso Humalog, ngati mukufunikira kuti muchepetse shuga mofulumira. Insulin NovoRapid ndi Apidra amachita mochedwa kuposa Humalog. Pofuna kuti muzitha kuyamwa zakudya zamagulu ochepa zam'mimba, insulini yocheperako posakhalitsa siyabwino kwambiri, chifukwa nthawi yochita ndiyifupi komanso yachangu.
Kudya kumayenera kukhala katatu katatu patsiku, pakadutsa maola 4-5. Ngati ndi kotheka, ndiye kuti masiku ena mutha kulumpha limodzi lamadyedwe.
Zakudya ndi chakudya ziyenera kusintha, koma mtengo wamafuta suyenera kukhala wotsika kuposa zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa.
Momwe mungapangire ndondomekoyi
Musanachite izi, sambani m'manja ndi sopo. Kuphatikiza apo, tsiku lopanga insulin limayendera.
Simungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi moyo wa alumali womwe watha, komanso mankhwala omwe adatsegulidwa masiku oposa 28 apitawo. Chipangizocho chikuyenera kukhala kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa chimachotsedwa m'firiji osapitirira theka la ola jakisoni.
Iyenera kukonzedwa:
- thonje
- syringe insulin
- botolo ndi mankhwala
- mowa.
Mlingo wosankhidwa wa insulin uyenera kukokedwa mu syringe. Chotsani zisoti mu piston ndi singano. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nsonga ya singano singakhudze chinthu chakunja ndipo kusabala sikutiwongolera.
Piston imakokedwa ndikuwonetsa chizindikiro cha mlingo womwe ukuperekedwa. Kenako, cholembera chimayala chimabowoleka ndi singano pamalopo ndipo mpweya wotulutsidwa umamasulidwa. Njira imeneyi ipangitsa kuti popewa kupanga katemera mumtsuko ndipo izithandizanso kuwerengetsa ena mwa mankhwalawa.
Kenako, sinthani syringe ndi botolo kukhala malo ofukula kuti pansi pa botolo mukhale pamwamba. Kugwira mapangidwe awa ndi dzanja limodzi, ndi dzanja lina muyenera kukoka pisitoni ndikukoka mankhwalawo mu syringe.
Muyenera kumwa mankhwala ochulukirapo kuposa momwe mumafunira. Kenako kukanikiza pang'ono piston, madziwo amabwezeretsedwanso m'chiwiya mpaka kuchuluka komwe kuli kofunikira. Mpweya umakakamizidwa ndipo madzi ambiri amatengedwa, ngati pakufunika. Kenako, singanoyo imachotsedwa mosamala mu kokho, syringe imachitika.
Malo a jakisoni akhale oyera. Asanalowetse insulin, khungu limazunguliridwa ndi mowa. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudikirira masekondi angapo mpaka utuluke kwathunthu, pokhapokha jekeseni. Mowa umawononga insulin ndipo nthawi zina umayambitsa kukwiya.
Musanapange jakisoni wa insulin, muyenera kupanga khungu. Kuigwira ndi zala ziwiri, khola limayenera kukokedwa pang'ono. Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa sangalowe m'matumbo a minofu. Sikoyenera kukoka khungu kwambiri kuti mabala asawoneke.
Kuchuluka kwa zida zogwiritsira ntchito kumatengera malo a jakisoni ndi kutalika kwa singano. Syringe imaloledwa kugwira osachepera 45 osati kupitirira 90 madigiri. Ngati mafuta opindika ali ochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti mukulumikizani kumbali yoyenera.
Mukayika singano mu khola la khungu, muyenera kukanikizira pisitoni pang'onopang'ono, kubaya insulin mosalekeza. Pisitoni iyenera kutsikira kwathunthu. Singano imayenera kuchotsedwa pakona pomwe mankhwalawo adalowetsedwa. Singano yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi syringe zimatsukidwa mu chidebe chapadera chomwe chimafunikira kutaya zinthu zotere.
Momwe mungabayire insulin ndikuwuzani vidiyo yomwe yalembedwa.
