Kapamba ndi gawo lochita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Titha kunena kuti limawoneka ngati gawo lalikulu la chimbudzi, limatenga gawo la zochita za metabolic mthupi la munthu.
Imayambitsa magwiridwe antchito - akunja ndi amkati. Ntchito ya exocrine imakhala chifukwa chopanga madzi a pancreatic, omwe amaphatikiza michere yam'mimba yofunikira pakugaya chakudya moyenera.
Kuchita kwa intra-secretory (endocrine) kumagwira ntchito popanga zinthu zina za mahomoni, kumapereka malamulo a kagayidwe kazakudya - mafuta, chakudya ndi mapuloteni a protein.
Vuto lothandizira pancreatic limayambitsa kupezeka kwa ma pathologies - matenda a shuga, kapamba, ndi zina zotere. Ganizirani za kayendedwe kazinthu zama thupi, zomwe zidzakuthandizani kuti mudziwe bwino thupi lanu.
Malo ndi kapangidwe ka kapamba
Zikondamoyozi zimapezeka kudera lam'mimba, lili kumbuyo kwa m'mimba, moyandikana ndi duodenum 12 pamlingo wa vertebrae wapamwamba kumbuyo. Pakaneneratu kukhoma lam'mimba, ili pakati pa 5 mpaka 10cm kumtunda. Chiwalo chimadziwika ndi mawonekedwe a tubular, omwe amakhala ndi magawo atatu - mutu, thupi ndi mchira.
Mutu wa chipangizocho chili pachiwopsezo cha duodenum, chigawo chomaliza chimakwirira mutu mu mawonekedwe a khola la akavalo. Kuchokera mthupi, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mzere, momwe chotengera chamkati mkati mwa thupi.
Mimba imaperekedwa ndi magazi kudzera m'mitsempha, kutulutsa kwa zinthu zam'magazi kumachitika kudzera m'mitsempha ya kolala.
Zokhudza kapangidwe kake ka kapamba:
- Thupi limagawika m'magawo angapo - mbali yakumbuyo, kumbuyo komanso kumbuyo kwake, zimasiyananso magawo.
- Mbali yakutsogolo ikulumikizana ndi makoma am'mimba.
- Mbali yammbuyo imayandikana ndi msempha wam'mimba ndi msana; mitsempha yamagazi ya ndulu imadutsamo.
- Gawo lakumunsi lili pansi pamizu yotulutsidwa.
Mchira wa kapamba umafika pachipata cha ndulu, ndipo umawongoleredwa. Kapangidwe ka gawo lamkati kamakhala ndi mitundu iwiri ya minyewa yomwe imagwira ntchito yakunja ndi yamkati. Maziko a minjayo ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono omwe amalekanitsidwa ndi zophatikizira minofu yolumikizira.
Bola lililonse limakhala ndi zofunikira zake kuti lichoke. Amalumikizana, chifukwa chomwe chimapanga phula wamba, chomwe chimadutsa chiwalo chonse. Pamphepete lamanja la mutu, imatseguka mu duodenum 12, yolumikizana ndi bile ducts. Umu ndi momwe chinsinsi cha kapamba amalowera m'matumbo.
Pakati pa lobes magulu okhala maselo otchedwa islets of Langerhans. Alibe ma ducts ovumbuluka, koma ali ndi ma cell amitsempha yamagazi, omwe amakupatsani mwayi kuti mupange insulin ndi glucagon mwachindunji m'magazi.
Kodi zotsogola zimayendetsedwa bwanji?
Kuwongolera kubisalira kwa pancreatic kumawoneka ngati njira ya multilevel. Mphamvu yayikulu pamathandizo a maselo omwe amatha kuphatikiza michere yofunika imapangidwa ndi boma la mantha.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti mtundu wa chakudya, kununkhira kwa chakudya, kapena kungotchula kumene kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa zochitika zapancreatic. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito ya dongosolo lodziyimira payekha.
Kugawika kwa magawo a mitsempha kudzera mu mitsempha ya vagus kumawonjezera ntchito ya mkati. Nthawi yomweyo, machitidwe omvera chisoni amayang'ana kwambiri kukana.
Mu kayendedwe ka ziwalo, kufunikira kwakukulu kumalumikizidwa ndi madzi a m'mimba. Ngati acidity yake m'mimba imachuluka, makina ake otambasuka amawonedwa, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale secretion yowonjezera pancreatic.
Nthawi yomweyo, kuwongola makina a duodenum ndikuwonjezereka kwa acidity yake mu lumen kumapangitsa kuti pakhale zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kapamba. Zinthu zake ndi monga:
- Achinsinsi.
- Cholecystokinin.
Magazi a gland mthupi sangangolimbikitsa, komanso akuletsa ntchito yake. Izi zimapangidwa chifukwa cha maselo am'manjenje achifundo - glucagon, somatostatin.
Iron ikhoza kusintha pazosankha zatsiku ndi tsiku. Ngati chakudya chamaguluchakudya chimalowa, ndiye kuti chinsinsi chophatikizidwa chimakhala ndi amylase yambiri; ngati pali zakudya zama protein zambiri mu chakudya, trypsin amapangidwa; motsutsana ndi zakudya za mafuta okha, lipase imapangidwa.
Ziwalo zogaya ntchito
Ntchito ya pocreatic pancreatic imaphatikizira kupanga madzi a pancreatic. Amapanga 500-1000 ml ya tsiku patsiku. Muli ndi mankhwala enzyme, mchere ndi madzi wamba.
Ma Enzymes omwe amapangidwira kudzera mu gland amatchedwa proenzymes. Amapangidwa popanda mawonekedwe. Chakudya chikalowa mu duodenum, mahomoni amayamba kubisidwa, momwe ma cell amomwe am'magazi amthupi amayamba, zomwe zimatsogolera ku ma enzymes.
Chowonjezera champhamvu ndi hydrochloric acid, pomwe ikalowa m'matumbo, imalimbikitsa kutulutsa kwa secinin ndi pancreosimine - zimakhudza kaphatikizidwe ka michere:
- Amylase imapereka kuwonongeka kwa chakudya chamagulu.
- Trypsin amatenga nawo chimbudzi cha zinthu zomanga thupi, zomwe zimayambira m'mimba.
- Lipase amathandizira kuthyola mafuta omwe adakhudzidwa kale ndi bile kuchokera ku ndulu.
Komanso madzi a pancreatic amaphatikiza zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa monga mchere wamchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zamchere. Izi ndizofunikira kuti magawo azikhala acidic azakudya zomwe zimachokera m'mimba, ndikupanga malo abwino oti mayamwidwe azakumwa azikhala.
Kugwira ntchito kwa ziwalo mwachidwi kumathandizira kutulutsidwa kwa mahomoni monga insulin ndi glucagon kulowa mthupi. Amapangidwa kudzera pagulu la maselo omwe amalowedwa pakati pa lobules, osakhala ndi ma ducts - zilumba za Langerhans. Ntchito za mahormoni:
- Kutulutsa kwa insulin kumawonedwa kuchokera ku maselo a beta. Hormone iyi imayang'anira kuwongolera kwa chakudya chamafuta ndi mafuta mthupi. Mothandizidwa ndi chinthucho, shuga amalowa m'matumbo ndi m'maselo, chifukwa chomwe ndende ya shuga imachepa.
- Glucagon imapangidwa ndi ma alpha cell. Mwachidule, timadzi tating'onoting'ono timene timayambitsa insulini, ndiye kuti cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa shuga m'thupi la munthu. Ma cell a Alpha amathandizanso pakupanga lipocaine, yomwe imalepheretsa mafuta kuwonongeka kwa chiwindi.
Kubisalira kwa adrenaline kuchokera ku adrenal gland kumathandizidwanso ndikuwongolera kwa shuga. Potengera maziko a dziko la hypoglycemic (shuga yochepa), kupanga kwa adrenaline kumawonedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Zikondazo zimayenderana kwambiri ndi zida zina zam'mimba. Zoyipa zilizonse kapena zosagwira bwino ntchito pantchitoyo zimakhudza dongosolo lonse la chimbudzi.
Zowonetsera zamankhwala zamatenda a pancreatic enzyme
Zokhumudwitsa pakupanga ma enzyme, kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kuchepa kwawo ndizotsatira za chifuwa chachikulu cha kapamba. Matendawa amaphatikizidwa ndikusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa minofu ya glandular, chifukwa chake imasinthidwa ndi minofu yolumikizana.
Pali zifukwa zambiri za kapamba. Komabe, nthawi zambiri njira ya pathological m'thupi imachitika chifukwa chomwa mowa kwambiri. Mwa zina zodwala, kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi, matenda othandizira (cholecystitis), matenda opatsirana, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena amadziwika.
Kuperewera kwa trypsin, amylase ndi lipase kumabweretsa zosokoneza zazikulu pakugaya chakudya.
Zizindikiro zodziwika pancreatic Kulephera:
- Ululu wam'mimba kumanzere mu hypochondrium, womwe nthawi zambiri umatha kudya. Nthawi zina ululu sugwirizana ndi chakudya.
- Kuchepa kapena kusowa kwa chakudya.
- Matenda am'mimba mu mawonekedwe a mseru, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza mobwerezabwereza.
- Kung'ung'udza pamimba, kusefukira.
- Mtundu komanso kusinthasintha kwa ndowe kumasintha.
Kukula ndi kukula kwa mawonetseredwe azachipatala amatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka. Chifukwa chakugaya bwino, kuperewera kwa michere kumawonedwa, ndipo pazithunzi zina, kusokonezeka kwa metabolic kumayambitsa ma pathologies ena - osteochondrosis, osteoarthrosis, atherosulinosis yamitsempha yamagazi.
Ngati kuchepa kwa lipase kwapezeka, ndiye kuti zizindikilo zake ndi izi:
- Mu ndowe mumapezeka mafuta ochulukirapo.
- Zamadzimadzi ndowe za lalanje kapena zachikasu.
- Mpando ndi mafuta.
Nthawi zina, mafuta amadzimadzi okha amachotsedwa popanda ndowe. Ngati amylase sikokwanira, ndiye kuti wodwala sagwirizana ndi chakudya chopatsidwa ndi monosaccharides ndi disaccharides. Palinso tebulo lamadzimadzi, kusowa kwa mayamwa kwa zinthu zina zam'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi matenda am'mimba, kuwonda.
Ndi kuperewera kwa trypsin, kuperekera kwapafupipafupi kapena kowoneka kwambiri - mawonekedwe apamwamba a nayitrogeni ndi minofu yamitsempha amadziwika. Chopondapo chimadziwika ndi fungo la fetid, kupezeka kwa kuchepa kwa magazi sikusiyidwa.
Popeza njira yogawa chakudya imasokonekera, ngakhale ndimapangidwe othandizira, odwala amachepetsa thupi, kuchepa kwa mavitamini ndi michere, kuwuma kwambiri pakhungu, kusokonekera kwa misomali yamatumbo, komanso tsitsi limapezeka.
Ndi kupanga kochepa kwa michere ndi England, chithandizo chamankhwala chikuyenera. Koma zinthu zachilengedwe sizingagwirizane bwino ndi zotuluka m'thupi.
Kodi chitsulo chimathandizidwa bwanji?
Kuchiza kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena ake. Zowopsa pamsana pazifukwa zomveka komanso zosadziwika zimathandizidwa ndikusala kudya. Popeza izi zimathandizira kuchepetsa kupangidwa kwa madzi, chifukwa chake, chiwalo chamkati chimatsitsidwa.
Nthawi zambiri, odwala omwe amasala kudya kapamba amatha kuvomereza mosavuta, chifukwa thanzi lawo limakulirakulira, pali kupweteka kwamtundu wanthawi zonse. Amaloledwa kumwa mchere wam'madzi wopanda mpweya kapena msuzi wofowoka kwambiri.
Cholinga chachikulu cha chithandizo chamatenda owopsa ndikupewa zovuta komanso kusokonekera kwake kukhala kanjira. Mapiritsi ochepetsa ululu ndi mankhwala a enzymatic amalimbikitsidwa kuti athandizire kuchepetsa katulutsidwe ka enzyme.
Poyamba, zimayambitsidwa m'thupi la munthu kudzera m'mitsempha. Wodwala akakhala ndi thanzi labwino, amatha kumwa mankhwala ngati mapiritsi. Kuchepetsa ululu pachimake, mutha kuthira chopondacho ndi madzi oundana ndi kapamba.
Kukonzekera kwa kapamba:
- Antispasmodics yothandizira kupweteka. Akatswiri azachipatala ambiri amapereka mankhwala a Papaverine, No-shpu, Drotaverin. Ngati ululu umakhala wochepa, ndiye kuti Ibuprofen amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala omaliza nthawi yomweyo ali ndi mankhwala odana ndi kutupa komanso ma analgesic.
- Mankhwala a Antacid amathandizira kuchepetsa ululu, kupewa kukhumudwa komanso kupweteka kwa mucous membrane. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira ndi mayankho omwe amathandizira kuti pasakhale hydrochloric acid. Oimira gululi - Zoran, Ranitidine.
Kuchepetsa kupanga ma enzyme opukusa, Consrical imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zochizira pancreatitis yantchito, mankhwala a enzyme amafunikira kuthandizira ntchito yamkati, kukonza njira yogaya chakudya. Mezim, Pancreatin, Creon ndi omwe adayikidwa.
Zikondamoyo ndi chiwalo chokhazikika komanso chopanda chidwi, chifukwa chake zimafunikira kudziyang'anira mosamala. Kuledzera ndi kumwa moipa kumatha kuyambitsa matenda a pancreatitis - pachimake komanso matenda osachiritsika, miyala mu ducts, matenda a shuga, necrosis kapena pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ndi matenda ena.
Kapangidwe ndi kagwiridwe kake kamene kamakambirana mu kanema munkhaniyi.
