IMPSO IMAGWIRA NTCHITO MTHUPI LA MUNTHU

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Njira yowonekera mthupi ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa homeostasis. Imalimbikitsa kuchotsedwa kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zama metabolic zomwe sizingagwiritsenso ntchito, zinthu zoopsa komanso zakunja, mchere wambiri, mankhwala achilengedwe ndi madzi.

Mapapu, kupukusa chakudya cham'mimba ndi khungu zimatenga nawo gawo pang'onopang'ono, koma impso zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuchita izi. Chamoyo chobwezeretsachi chimalimbikitsa kuchulukitsidwa kwa zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kagayidwe kapena chakudya.

Kodi impso ndi ziti ndipo zikupezeka kuti?

Impso - chiwalo cholowa mkodzo, chomwe chitha kufaniziridwa ndi malo othandizira.

Pafupifupi 1.5 l magazi otsukidwa ndi poizoni amadutsa mwa iwo miniti imodzi. Impso zimakhala kukhoma lakumbuyo kwa peritoneum pamlingo wam'munsi kumbuyo mbali zonse za msana.

Ngakhale kuti chiwalochi chimakhala chosasinthasintha, minofu yake imakhala ndi zinthu zazing'ono zambiri zotchedwa ma nephrons. Pafupifupi miliyoni 1 yazinthu izi zilipo impso imodzi. Pamwamba pa aliyense wa iwo pali malpighian glomerulus, wotsitsidwa mu chikho chosindikizidwa (Shumlyansky-Bowman kapisozi). Impso iliyonse imakhala ndi kapisozi wolimba ndipo imadyera magazi omwe amalowa.

Kunja, impso zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nyemba, chifukwa zimakhala ndi bulandi panja komanso zimagwira mkati. Kuchokera m'mphepete mwamkati mwa ziwalo mumitsempha, mitsempha ndi magawo a mitsempha. Nawonso pelvis, komwe ureter udachokera.

Anatomical kapangidwe ka impso:

mtengo wapamwamba;
impso papilla;
mzere waimpso;
sinus aimpso;
chikho chaching'ono cha impso;

chikho chachikulu cha impso;
pelvis;
Cortical chinthu;
ureter;
pansi pamtengo.

Impso iliyonse imakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri: cortical yamdima (yomwe ili pamwambapa) ndi chaperezi chamkaka (chomwe chili pansipa). Mu cortical wosanjikiza muli unyinji wamitsempha yamagazi ndi zigawo zoyambirira za ngalande za impso. Ma nephroni amapanga ma tubules ndi ma bulu, pomwe mapangidwe a mkodzo amachitika. Njirayi ndi yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa imaphatikizapo pafupifupi miliyoni miliyoni mwa zinthuzi. Asayansi atsimikizira kuti chiwalo monga impso chimatha kutumikira munthu kwa zaka pafupifupi 800, pansi pazabwino.

Ndi matenda a shuga, njira zosasinthika zimapezeka mu impso, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa mtima.

Izi zimapangitsa kuti magazi azisokonekera komanso kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito amkati mwanu. Mankhwala, zovuta zoterezi zimatchedwa diabetesic nephropathy. Ndi shuga wambiri mthupi yemwe amadya mitsempha yamagazi kuchokera mkati, zomwe zimabweretsa zotsatirapo zoyipa kwambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa kuchotsa zinthu zopweteka, kusintha magazi ndi mkodzo, impso zimagwira ntchito zotsatirazi:

Hematopoiesis - amatulutsa timadzi timene timayendetsa mapangidwe a maselo ofiira am'magazi, omwe amadzaza thupi ndi mpweya.
Kusintha - amapanga mkodzo ndikumataya zinthu zoyipa kuchokera pazinthu zofunikira (mapuloteni, shuga ndi mavitamini).
Kupanikizika kwa osmotic - kusamala mchere wofunikira m'thupi.
Kuwongolera mapuloteni - onetsetsani kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, otchedwa oncotic.

Ngati aimpso ntchito, matenda osiyanasiyana amayamba omwe amabweretsa kulephera kwa impso. Poyambirira, matendawa alibe matchulidwe, ndipo mutha kudziwa kupezeka kwake podutsa mkodzo ndi kuyezetsa magazi.

Zotsatira za matenda a shuga ku impso: zakukula ndi kupewa

Matenda a shuga masiku ano ndi matenda ofala kwambiri a endocrine system, omwe amakhudza pafupifupi 1-3% ya akuluakulu padziko lapansi.

Popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa kumawonjezereka, zomwe zimasintha kukhala vuto lenileni lomwe mankhwala sanathebe. Matenda a shuga amakhala ndi zovuta zovuta ndipo kupatula nthawi yopanda chithandizo chokwanira kumayambitsa zovuta zazikulu.

Ndi mtundu 2 wa matenda ashuga, mwayi wokhala ndi matenda a impso ndi pafupifupi 5%, ndipo ndi mtundu 1 wa shuga, pafupifupi 30%.

Vuto lalikulu la matenda ashuga ndi kufupika kwa mipata yamitsempha yamagazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa magazi kupita ku ziwalo zamkati. M'magawo oyamba a matenda a shuga, kugwira ntchito kwa impso nthawi zambiri kumathamanga, chifukwa glucose ochulukirapo amadutsa mwa iwo kuposa munthu wathanzi. Glucose amatulutsa madzi ambiri kudzera mu impso, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera kukakamiza mkati mwa glomeruli. Izi zimatchedwa kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa kusefera kwa glomerular.

Mu magawo oyamba a shuga mellitus, kukula kwa nembanemba komwe kumazungulira glomeruli kumachitika, komanso kukula kwa minofu ina yoyandikana nayo. Ziwalo zowonjezereka zimasuntha pang'onopang'ono m'malo omwe amapezeka mu glomeruli izi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti impso zimalephera kuyeretsa magazi okwanira. Mu thupi la munthu muli glomeruli yopuma, chifukwa chake, ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa impso imodzi, kuyeretsa magazi kumapitirirabe.

Kukula kwa nephropathy kumachitika mwa 50% yokha mwa odwala matenda oopsa.

Palibe aliyense mwa odwala matenda ashuga amene amawonongeka impso. Pangozi yayikulu ndi omwe akuvutika ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa impso mu shuga, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa shuga mumtsinje wamagazi, kukayezetsa mayeso ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi mumayezetsa mkodzo ndi magazi.

Chidule Chachidule

Matenda a shuga ndi matenda oopsa omwe amayenera kuthandizidwa poyambira chitukuko. Ndi chithandizo cholakwika kapena ngati mulibe, pali kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga chotupa cha kwamikodzo, makamaka impso. Izi ndichifukwa chakufupika kwa mipata yamitsempha yamagazi, yomwe imalepheretsa kudutsa kwa magazi kudzera mu impso, chifukwa chake kuyeretsa thupi. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti si odwala onse omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi matenda a impso, koma chiwopsezo cha kukula kwawo ndichokwera kwambiri.

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