Zowunikira mitundu yayikulu ya insulin ndi gulu lawo

Insulin ndi amodzi mwa mahomoni ofunikira kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, chifukwa amatenga nawo mbali machitidwe a metabolic, omwe amayang'anira kuchuluka kwa magazi, omwe ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga (glucose) othamanga.

Hormayo imapangidwa ndi maselo omwe amapezeka mu kapamba. Pakasokonekera chiwalochi m'magazi, misempha imakwera kwambiri ndipo pamakhala matenda owopsa monga matenda a shuga.

Matendawa amakakamiza munthu kusintha kadyedwe kake ndikugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochiritsira nthawi zonse.

Kuperewera kwa mahomoni opangidwa, omwe amaphwanya shuga msanga mkati mwa magazi, amapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala othandizira, m'malo mwa mitundu ingapo ya insulin yofunikira mu labotale.

Mitundu yamahomoni ndi kusiyana kwawo

Matenda a shuga amakakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulin. Hormoni iliyonse yobala imakhala ndi umunthu wake. Chifukwa cha izi, ndikotheka kusankha mankhwala pamakhalidwe a thupi linalake la munthu, koma zinthu ngati izi sizisinthana.

Chithandizo chilichonse chimasiyana ndi zomwe zimafotokozedwa munthawi yomwe zimakhudza thupi. Katswiri wodziwa bwino (dokotala) ndi amene amasankha njira yabwino kwambiri yokwaniritsira wodwala, potengera kuwopsa kwa matendawa.

Mitundu yayikulu yamahomoni:

1. Insulin, yomwe idapezeka kuchokera ku kapamba amkaka wamkaka (ng'ombe, ng'ombe). Muli ma amino acid ena owonjezera atatu omwe mulibe mu munthu, motero mankhwalawa amatha kuyambitsa zovuta zina.
2. Mankhwala ozikidwa pa ndulu ya nkhumba. Kupanga kwawo kwa biochemical kumayandikirana kwambiri ndi mahomoni a anthu, kupatula kusiyanasiyana kwa amino acid amodzi kuchokera kumtambo wama protein.
3. Mtundu wachilendo kwambiri wa mahomoni ndi chinsomba, umakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi insulin yaumunthu, chifukwa chake umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazovuta kwambiri.
4. Mtundu woyenera kwambiri wa ma hormone ndi wokhazikitsidwa ndi anthu. Chiwonetserochi chimapangidwa kuchokera ku zenizeni za Escherichia coli (maselo enieni a insulin) kapena kusintha kwa ma genetic mainjini a porcine (m'malo mwa "osayenera" amino acid).

Nthawi yowonetsera mtundu uliwonse wa mankhwalawa ndi payekha, kotero kusankha koyenera kwa mahomoni ophatikizidwa ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa wodwala aliyense.

Malinga ndi nthawi ya mankhwalawa, amagawika m'magulu:

1. Kuthamanga kwambiri (kopitilira muyeso). Mankhwalawa amayamba kugwira ntchito pambuyo pa mphindi 15-30 ndikufika pazomwe amatha kwambiri mu maola 2-3, kumatenga mpaka maola 6. Ikani insulin musanadye, kwinakwake pakatha mphindi 30, ndikuigwira ndi chakudya chochepa.
2. Kuchita mwachangu (kosavuta). Imakhala ndi zotsatira mwachangu, zimachitika ola limodzi. Nthawi yowonekera kwake imangokhala maola 4, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito musanadye kapena pambuyo chakudya.
3. Kutalika kwapakati. Kuchita kwa mankhwalawa kumayamba ola limodzi pambuyo pakukonzekera, ndipo mphamvu yakeyo imapezeka mkati mwa maola 5-9 ndipo imatha kwa maola 19 motsatizana. Nthawi zambiri, wodwalayo amatenga jakisoni zingapo nthawi imodzi chifukwa chachedwa kukhudzana ndi mankhwalawa.
4. Kuchita motalika. Yakhala nthawi yayitali yowonekera mpaka maola 27. Imayamba kugwira ntchito patatha maola 4, kuchuluka kwake kudali pambuyo pa maola 7 mpaka 17.

Mankhwala ochepera

Gulu ili la mahomoni limaphatikizapo mankhwala a ultrashort komanso ma insulin osakhalitsa.

Ma mahomoni a Ultrashort amakhala ndi mphamvu mwachangu ndipo amachepetsa shuga nthawi yomweyo. Amadyedwa atatsala pang'ono kudya.

Mitundu yayikulu yamankhwala monga awa:

1. Chichewa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati: mtundu 1 wa matenda a shuga, kusalolera kwa mankhwalawa, kusokonekera kwa insulini ndi mtundu wachiwiri (ngati mankhwala ena alibe mphamvu).
2. NovoRapid. Wopezeka mumtsuko wokhala ndi voliyumu ya 3 ml, yomwe imagwirizana ndi zomwe 300 mayonesi ali nazo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi apakati.
3. Apidra. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala, onse akulu ndi ana azaka zopitilira 6, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira pampu kapena njira ina yoyendetsera makina.

Ma insulin afupia amayamba kuchita theka la ola ndipo amagwira mpaka maola 6. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito musanayambe chakudya m'mphindi 20. Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Oyimira akuluakulu ndi:

1. Actrapid NM. Insulin yomwe idapezeka kudzera m'makampani opanga majini. Imalowetsedwa ndi jekeseni wamkati kapena kudzera mu mtsempha. Amaperekedwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi mankhwala omwe adokotala amapita.
2. Humodar R. Mankhwala ali pamapangidwe apakati.
3. Humulin Wokhazikika. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo oyamba azindikira matendawa, amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi amayi oyembekezera.
4. Monodar. Ntchito zamagulu a shuga mellitus 1 ndi 2 magawo.

Mitundu yonse yamankhwala othandizira othandizira amakono amagwiritsidwa ntchito musanadye, popeza njira yogaya chakudya imathandizira kuti njira yonyamula mankhwalawa ichitike mofulumira. Ma Horona a ultrafast komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu amaloledwa kumwedwa pakamwa, atawabweretsa kumtunda.

Pankhani ya subcutaneous makonzedwe, mankhwalawa sayenera kuchitidwa osapitirira theka la ola chakudya chisanachitike. Mlingo wa mankhwala kwa wodwala aliyense amakhala amodzi payekha ndipo amatsimikiziridwa ndi adokotala okha. Mlingo wa akuluakulu ungakhale wa magawo 8 mpaka 23 patsiku, ndipo kwa ana - osaposa magawo 9.

Ma mahomoni opangidwa amasunga katundu wawo pakutentha kwa madigiri 2 mpaka 8, chifukwa chake amasungidwa mufiriji.

Mankhwala

Mankhwala amtunduwu amakhala ndi mphamvu yayitali.

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mankhwala:

• pamaziko a maselo amunthu (kapangidwe kawo), monga: Protafan, Homolong, etc;
• pa nyama, mwachitsanzo: Berlsulin, Iletin 2 ndi ena.

Ma insulins apakatikati amakhala ndi mphamvu pakatha mphindi 15 atamwa, koma zotsatira za kusweka kwathunthu zimatheka patatha nthawi yayitali.

Gulu ili la mankhwala lili ndi zinthu mosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, zinc ndi isophan.

Kuchita motalika

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amakhala m'gululi amagwira ntchito thupi la wodwalayo kwa tsiku limodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Mitundu yonse yamankhwala omwe akhala akuchita kwa nthawi yayitali amapangidwa pamaziko amtundu wa mankhwala, omwe amathandizira kuwonetsera kotereku.

Ma insulini omwe amakhala "nthawi yayitali" amathandizira kuti shuga asamayike m'magazi ndipo amatha kupereka mphamvu yawo mpaka maola 30 motsatizana.

Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri imaphatikizapo:

• otchuka kwambiri: Determid, Glargin (shuga wotsika pang'ono);
• zolemba zotsika mtengo: Ultralente-Iletin-1, Ultralgon, Ultratard.

Pofuna kuthetseratu mawonekedwe oyipa a zotsatira zosafunikira, muyenera kulumikizana ndi katswiri yemwe angakuthandizeni kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa malinga ndi magawo ake.

Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amathandizidwa ndi jakisoni wokha.

Makina osungira amitundu yonse yamankhwala munjira iyi ndi ofanana. Ampoules ndi mankhwalawa amathanso kusungidwa mufiriji. Ndi kutentha kokha komwe kumakhala mankhwala omwe samakonda kupangika kwa granules kapena flakes.

Gulu la madigiri oyeretsa

Thupi lokhazikika la mahomoni limapangidwira zosowa zosiyanasiyana. Chogulitsa chomaliza chimapezeka pogwiritsa ntchito madigiri osiyanasiyana oyeretsa.

Gome la madigiri angapo a kuyeretsa kwa mahomoni:

Nkhani yamavidiyo pa mitundu komanso mtundu wa mahomoni:

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa insulin yayifupi ndi yayitali

Zida zapadera za insulin yochepa:

• mankhwala amatengedwa theka la ola musanadye;
• pakuyamba mwachangu kuchitapo kanthu, amadzilowetsa pamatumbo am'mimba ndi jakisoni;
• jakisoni wa mankhwalawa amayenera kutsagana ndi chakudya china pofuna kupatula mwayi wokhala ndi matenda monga hypoglycemia.

Mawonekedwe apadera a mahomoni omwe atenga nthawi yayitali:

• mankhwala amtunduwu amaperekedwa nthawi inayake (nthawi zambiri nthawi yomweyo m'mawa kapena madzulo). Wobayira m'mawa uyenera kuchitika mogwirizana ndi jakisoni wa insulin yofulumira;
• woleketsa kulowa kwa mankhwala m'magazi, jekeseni limapangidwa m'dera la ntchafu mwendo;
• mtundu uwu wa mahomoni samatengera nthawi yakudya.

Kuchokera pazomwe zili pamwambapa zamtundu uliwonse wa mankhwala, titha kunena kuti kusankha kwa insulin yoyenera, mlingo wake ndi momwe amalowera thupi zimadalira zinthu zambiri.

Kuti mudziwe njira yoyenera yodalirika, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.