Anthu ambiri adamva za matenda ashuga, koma alipo ochepa omwe amatenga matendawa mozama ndikudziwa za zotsatirapo zake.
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda opatsirana kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zizindikiro zake sizimakhudzana ndi matendawa, koma amaganiza kuti amangokhala akugwira ntchito, agona kapena awononga poizoni.
Anthu zikwizikwi saganiza kuti akudwala nthendayi.
Kodi “kuwuma” kwa shuga kumatanthauza chiyani?
Kuwonjezeka kwa shuga m'magazi ndi chizindikiro chapadera komanso chofunikira kwambiri cha gawo loyambirira la matendawa. Kafukufuku wazachipatala awonetsa kuti theka la anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amadziwa za matenda okhawo akayamba kupita patsogolo ndikulimba.
Mlingo wa shuga mthupi uyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi anthu omwe akudwala matendawa (kuyeza ndikuyerekeza zizindikiro).
Hormon ya pancreatic monga insulin imagwirizanitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'thupi. Mu matenda a shuga, insulini imapangidwa mwina ochepa kapena ma cell samayankha motero. Kuchulukitsa ndi kutsika kwa shuga m'magazi kumavulaza mthupi chimodzimodzi.
Koma ngati kusowa kwa glucose nthawi zambiri kumatha kutha, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa mafuta ochulukirapo kumakhala kwakukulu. Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, Zizindikiro zimatha kuchotsedwa mothandizidwa ndi zakudya zomwe zimagwirizana ndi adokotala ndikuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi moyenera.
Ntchito yofunikira ya shuga m'thupi ndikupereka maselo ndi minyewa yamphamvu mphamvu zazikulu. Thupi limasinthasintha kuchuluka kwa glucose, kukhalabe wathanzi, koma sizikhala choncho. Hyperglycemia ndi vuto lomwe likuwonjezera shuga mthupi, ndipo shuga wochepetsedwa amatchedwa hypoglycemia. Anthu ambiri amafunsa kuti: "Kodi shuga yochepa bwanji?"
Kuwerengera kwa shuga kwa magazi kwa anthu athanzi:
| M'badwo | Thupi la glucose (mmol / l) |
|---|---|
| Mwezi 1 - zaka 14 | 3,33-5,55 |
| 14 - 60 wazaka | 3,89-5,83 |
| 60+ | mpaka 6,38 |
| Amayi oyembekezera | 3,33-6,6 |
Koma ndi matenda ashuga, izi zimatha kusiyanasiyana kwambiri m'njira zotsika, komanso m'njira zowonjezera. Chizindikiro chovuta chimawerengedwa ngati mulingo wa shuga pamwamba pa 7.6 mmol / L ndipo m'munsi mwake ndi 2.3 mmol / L, popeza pamlingo uwu njira zosasinthika zimayamba kuyamba.
Koma izi ndizofunikira chabe, chifukwa mwa anthu omwe amakhala ndi shuga yambiri, phindu la chizindikiro cha hypoglycemia limakulanso. Poyamba, imatha kukhala 3,4-4 mmol / L, ndipo patatha zaka 15 imatha kukula mpaka 8-14 mmol / L. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kwa munthu aliyense pali gawo laku kuda nkhawa.
Chizindikiro chiti chomwe chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chakufa?
Palibe tanthauzo lomwe lingatchedwe kuti limupha motsimikiza. M'madera ena odwala matenda ashuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakwera mpaka 15-17 mmol / L ndipo izi zimatha kubweretsa kukomoka kwa hyperglycemic, pomwe ena omwe ali ndi mtengo wapamwamba amamva bwino. Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito pakuchepetsa shuga.
Chilichonse chimakhala chokhazokha ndipo, kuti athe kudziwa malire oyipa ndi ovuta kwa munthu winawake, kusintha kwamankhwala a glucose kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi.
Reactive hypoglycemia imadziwika kuti ndi yakufa, chifukwa imayamba pakadutsa mphindi (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa mphindi 2-5). Ngati ma ambulansi saperekedwa nthawi yomweyo, zotsatira zake zimakhala zomvetsa chisoni.
Kusala komwe kumayambitsa matenda ashuga ndi chinthu choopsa komanso chovuta kwambiri chomwe chimalepheretsa njira zonse zofunika.
Zosiyanasiyana ma com:
| Mutu | Chiyambi | Zizindikiro | Zoyenera kuchita |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hyperosmolar | Mavuto a shuga a mtundu 2 chifukwa cha shuga wambiri | ludzu kufooka mapangidwe mkodzo wambiri kuchepa madzi m'thupi ulesi Hypersomnia mawu achipongwe kukhumudwa kusowa kwanyengo | dinani 103, ikani wodwalayo pambali pake kapena pamimba, yeretsani misewu, Kulamulira lilime kuti lisasunthike, bweretsani kupsinjika kwina |
| Ketoacidotic | Mavuto a matenda amtundu wa 1 shuga chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma asidi owopsa - ma ketones, omwe amapanga nthawi ya insulin | colic lakuthwa nseru Pakamwa amanunkhira ngati acetone kupuma kwakukuru chidziwitso dyspepsia | Lumikizanani mwachangu ndi chipatala, onetsetsani kupuma, onani zamkati, kugunda kwa mtima, onani kukakamiza ngati kuli kotheka, chitani minofu ya mtima wosalunjika ndi kupuma kwamphamvu |
| Lactic acidosis | Zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi matenda ashuga, omwe amapezeka nthawi yomweyo chifukwa cha matenda angapo a chiwindi, mtima, impso, mapapo, ndi mawonekedwe osokoneza bongo amledzera | kusatha kusatha colic mu peritoneum kumva kupusa kusanza delirium chakuda | funsani akatswiri mwachangu, limbikirani kupuma, yang'anani kugunda kwa mtima, onani kukakamiza Ngati ndi kotheka, pumulani mwamagetsi ndi kutikita minofu yamtima mwachindunji, jekeseni shuga ndi insulin (40 ml glucose) |
| Hypoglycemic | Mkhalidwe wothothoka mwadzidzidzi m'magazi a shuga chifukwa cha njala ndi kuperewera kwa zakudya m'thupi kapena insulin yambiri | hyperhidrosis yathupi lonse kufooka kwakukulu kugwa kwamkuntho kumachitika kugwedezeka kupweteka mutu chisokonezo mantha | Nthawi yomweyo pitani kuchipatala, tsatirani ngati wovutikayo akudziwa, ngati munthuyo akudziwa, perekani mapiritsi atatu a shuga kapena ma 4 a shuga kapena shuga awiri, uchi kapena perekani tiyi wokoma |
Magulu a shuga oopsa ndi hypoglycemia
Hypoglycemia ndi chinthu chovuta kwambiri pamoyo, ndiko kuponya kwakuthwa kapena kosalala m'magazi. Anthu omwe akumamwa insulini ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga chikomokere kuposa ena. Izi ndichifukwa choti insulini yotengedwa kuchokera kunja imakhudza mwachindunji kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, omwe othandizira a hypoglycemic, mankhwala azakudya, kapena zitsamba satero.
Kuwomba kwakukulu kwa hypoglycemic coma kumabweretsa bongo. Minofu ya muubongo ndimapangidwe ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa ndikuthokoza ubongo kuti munthu amaganiza ndikupanga zinthu mozama, komanso amawongolera thupi lonse pamlingo wokhudzika.
Poyembekezera kukomoka (kawirikawiri ndi index ya shuga yopanda 3 mmol), munthu amalowa m'malo osawoneka bwino, chifukwa chake amalephera kuwongolera zomwe amachita komanso malingaliro omveka. Kenako amadziona kuti ndi wodetsa nkhawa.
Kutalika kwakadali pano kumatengera zovuta zomwe zili mtsogolomo (zosintha zokhazokha zidzachitika kapena kuphwanya kovuta kwambiri komwe kungachitike).
Palibe malire ofunika kwenikweni, koma zizindikiro za matendawa ziyenera kuthandizidwa munthawi yake, osanyalanyazidwa. Ndikwabwino kuwaletsa ngakhale oyambira kumene kuti adziteteze ku zovuta zazikulu.
Magawo a maphunziro a hypoglycemia:
- Gawo la Zero - Kumva kulira kwambri. Nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira kukonza ndikutsimikizira dontho la shuga ndi glucometer.
- Gawo loyamba - pali kumva kwamphamvu njala, khungu limanyowa, nthawi zambiri limagona, pali kufooka kowonjezereka. Mutu umayamba kupweteka, kugunda kwa mtima kumathandizira, pamakhala mantha, kutsekeka kwa khungu. Kusunthika kumakhala kwachisokonezo, kosalamulirika, kunjenjemera kumawonekera m'mabondo ndi manja.
- Gawo lachiwiri - vutoli ndi lovuta. Pali kugawanika m'maso, dzanzi lilime, ndi thukuta limakulirakulira. Munthu amakhala wankhanza komanso amachita zinthu zosayenera.
- Gawo lachitatu ndi gawo lomaliza. Wodwala sangathe kuwongolera zomwe akuchita ndikuzimitsa - kupuma kwa hypoglycemic kumayamba. Thandizo loyambirira limafunikira (njira yokhazikika ya glucose kapena Glucagon imaperekedwa kwa kholo pa mlingo wa 1 mg wa munthu wamkulu ndi 0,5 mg kwa mwana).
Chochita ndi chiyambi cha hyperglycemic chikomokere?
Hyperglycemia ndi vuto pamene glucose zomwe zili m'madzi am'magazi zimachuluka kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amayamba ndi matenda osakwanira kapena osakwanira. Ngakhale kuti matendawa sangayambike nthawi yomweyo, kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zamkati kumachitika pachimake pa 7 mmol / l shuga m'magazi.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimaphatikizapo kuwoneka kwa ludzu, ziwalo zowuma zamkati ndi khungu, kutopa kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, kuwona kumachepa, kulemera kumachepera, nseru ndi kusokonekera kumawonekera. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, hyperglycemia imabweretsa kuchepa thupi, komwe kumayambitsa kukomoka.
Ngati wodwala akuwona zizindikiro za hyperglycemia, ndiye kuti ayenera kuwunika kudya kwa insulin ndi mankhwala amkamwa. Ngati palibe kusintha, muyenera kufunsa dokotala.
Kuchipatala, insulin imayendetsedwa kudzera mu kuwunika pafupipafupi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi (ola lililonse liyenera kuchepa ndi 3-4 mmol / l).
Kenako, voliyumu yamagazi yoyendayenda imabwezeretseka - m'maola oyamba, 1 mpaka 2 malita amadzimadzi, pakatha maola 2-3, 500 ml amathandizidwa, kenako 250 ml. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kukhala malita 4-5 amadzimadzi.
Pachifukwa ichi, timadzi tokhala ndi potaziyamu ndi zinthu zina, ndi michere yomwe imathandizira kubwezeretsanso kwazinthu zachilendo za osmotic zimayambitsidwa.
Kanema kuchokera kwa katswiri:
Kupewa kwa hypo- ndi hyperglycemia
Pofuna kupewa matenda akuluakulu a shuga, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuonedwa:
- Choyamba, kudziwitsa achibale komanso anzanu onse za vuto lanu, kuti pakagwa mwadzidzidzi athandizidwe.
- Nthawi zonse muziyang'anira shuga.
- Nthawi zonse muzikhala ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi chakudya chamagulule - shuga, uchi, madzi a zipatso. Mapiritsi a shuga a mankhwala ndiabwino. Zonsezi zidzafunika ngati hypoglycemia iyamba mwadzidzidzi.
- Onani zakudya. Sankhani zipatso ndi masamba, nyemba, mtedza, tirigu wathunthu.
- Chitani zolimbitsa thupi.
- Muzisunga zolemera. Ziyenera kukhala zabwinobwino - izi zipangitsa kuti thupi lizigwiritsa ntchito insulin.
- Onani momwe ntchito ikuyendera ndikupumula.
- Penyani kuthamanga kwa magazi anu.
- Kanani mowa ndi ndudu.
- Pewani kupsinjika. Zimasokoneza thupi lonse, komanso kukakamira ziwerengerozi kuti zikule.
- Kuchepetsa kudya kwa mchere - izi zimabwezeretsa kuthamanga kwa magazi kukhala kwazonse ndikuchepetsa nkhawa pa impso.
- Kuchepetsa kuvutika, monga matenda ashuga, mabala amachira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chikuwonjezeka.
- Nthawi zonse muzichita prophylaxis wokhala ndi mavitamini. Mu shuga, ndikofunikira kusankha maofesi popanda magawo a shuga ndi shuga.
- Pitani kwa dokotala osachepera katatu pachaka. Ngati mumamwa insulini, ndiye kuti nthawi 4 pachaka.
- Osachepera kamodzi pachaka atayeza mayeso kwathunthu.
Matenda a shuga si sentensi; mutha kuphunzirapo kuti muzikhala ndi moyo wabwino. Ndikoyenera kuyang'anira ndi kusamalira thupi lanu, adzakuyankhaninso chimodzimodzi.
