Mankhwala a insulini a shuga amaperekedwa ndi endocrinologist. Insulin yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa imapangitsa kumanga kwa glucose owonjezera m'thupi la wodwala.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa regulen ya mankhwala a insulin sikuyenera kukhala yokhazikika, njira yolumikizana imayenera kuchitika kwa wodwala aliyense, ndipo chitukuko cha dongosolo la insulini palokha chimachitika molingana ndi deta yomwe yapezeka chifukwa cha kuwunika kwathunthu shuga mkati mwa sabata.
Ngati madokotala opezekapo, akupanga mankhwala a insulin, satengera mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo komanso kuchuluka kwa zomwe wapeza chifukwa chakuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, muyenera kuthandizidwa ndi katswiri wina.
Ndondomeko ya insulin yodzaza ndi mankhwala osayenera ikhoza kukulitsa vuto la wodwalayo mpaka kuyamba kwa chizindikiro cha kulephera kwa impso komanso kusokonezeka kwa magazi m'miyendo.
Ngati njira ya mankhwala a insulin ikapangidwira popanda kuganizira za thupi la wodwalayo, pamapeto pake izi zitha kubweretsa zotsatira zowonongeka mpaka kumadula malekezero chifukwa cha kupangika kwa njira zowukira mu minofu.
Kusiyana pakati pa mitundu ya mankhwala a insulin
Kusankha kwa insulin mankhwala a mtundu woyamba wa shuga kumachitika ndi endocrinologist malinga ndi mawonekedwe a thupi la wodwalayo.
Ngati wodwalayo alibe mavuto onenepa kwambiri, ndipo m'moyo mulibe nkhawa zambiri, ndiye kuti insulini imalembedwa muyezo wa 0.5-1 kamodzi pa tsiku malinga ndi kilogalamu imodzi ya kulemera kwa thupi la wodwalayo.
Mpaka pano, endocrinologists apanga mitundu yotsatirayi ya mankhwala a insulin:
- kukulitsa;
- zachikhalidwe
- zochita pampu;
- maziko a botus.
Zolemba pa ntchito zolimbitsa insulin
Therapy yolimbitsa insulin imatha kutchedwa maziko a mankhwala a insulin, malinga ndi mbali zina za njirayo.
Chizindikiro cha insulin yowonjezereka ndikuti chimagwira ngati chida chobisika cha insulin m'thupi la wodwalayo.
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakafunika insulin mankhwala a mtundu 1 wa shuga. Ndi mankhwalawa matenda amtunduwu omwe chithandizo chotere chimapereka mayendedwe abwino kwambiri azachipatala, ndipo izi zimatsimikiziridwa.
Kuti mumalize ntchitoyo kumafunika kukwaniritsidwa kwa mndandanda wina wa mikhalidwe. Izi ndi izi:
- Insulin iyenera kulowetsedwa m'thupi la wodwalayo m'njira zokwanira kugwiritsira ntchito shuga.
- Ma insulini omwe amalowetsedwa m'thupi ayenera kukhala ofanana kwathunthu ndi ma insulin omwe amapangidwa ndi kapamba wa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda osokoneza bongo.
Zomwe zidafotokozedweratu zimadziwikitsa zovuta za insulin mankhwala zomwe zimagawa mankhwalawa omwe amapezeka mu insulin yaifupi komanso yayitali.
Ma insulin omwe amakhala nthawi yayitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuperekera insulin m'mawa ndi madzulo. Mankhwala amtunduwu amalinganiza kwathunthu zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi maholide.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma insulin okhala ndi kanthawi kochepa kumakhala koyenera pambuyo poti mudya chakudya chamafuta ambiri. Mlingo womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhazikitsa mankhwalawa m'thupi umatengera kuchuluka kwa mkate womwe umapezeka mu chakudya ndipo umatsimikiziridwa mosamalitsa payekha kwa wodwala aliyense.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a insulin olimbitsa a 1 mtundu wa shuga kumafananizira kuchuluka kwa glycemia musanadye.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala a insulin
Chithandizo cha insulin chachikhalidwe ndi njira yophatikizira yomwe imaphatikizapo kuphatikiza insulin yochepa komanso yayitali.
Ubwino waukulu wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa jakisoni pa mankhwala molingana ndi njirayi kumachokera pa 1 mpaka 3 patsiku.
Choipa chogwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndikulephera kofanizira kwathunthu kwa zochitika kapamba. Izi zimadzetsa kuti pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi ndizosatheka kulipira kwathunthu kuphwanya kwa kagayidwe kazakudya kamunthu.
Mukugwiritsa ntchito njira iyi, wodwalayo amalandira jakisoni 1-2 patsiku. Ma insulin afupiafupi ndi aatali amatumizidwa nthawi yomweyo kulowa m'thupi. Ma insulini omwe amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yokwanira kukonzekera amapanga pafupifupi 2/3 ya kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mankhwalawa amakhala osapumira.
Chithandizo cha matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wachiberekero wamtundu wa mankhwala a insulin sichifuna kuti munthu azitsatira glycemia musanadye.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popopa insulin
Pampu ya insulin ndi chipangizo chamagetsi chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chithandizire kukonzekera kwa insulin kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kopitilira muyeso.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa mankhwalawa, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa mu Mlingo wa mini.
Njira yamagetsi ya insulin yamagetsi imatha kuchitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Njira zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito pampu ndi izi:
- Kupitiliza kuperekera mankhwala mthupi mwa ma microdoses okhala ndi oyambira.
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwalawa m'thupi mothandizidwa ndi kubayidwa pafupipafupi kwa jakisoni wa mankhwala.
Pankhani ya njira yoyambirira yoyendetsera insulin, kuyeserera kwathunthu kwa chinsinsi cha mahomoni mu kapamba kumachitika. Njira zoterezi zimapangitsa kuti mankhwalawa asagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri yobweretsera insulini m'thupi kumakhala koyenera musanadye kapena nthawi zina pakakhala kuchuluka kwa index ya glycemic.
Chiwembu chogwiritsira ntchito insulin pogwiritsa ntchito pampu imalola kuphatikiza kwa liwiro kuti azitsatira momwe insulin imabisalira m'thupi la munthu, yomwe imakhala ndi kapamba wabwino. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito pampu, catheter iyenera kusinthidwa masiku atatu aliwonse.
Kugwiritsa ntchito pampu yamagetsi kumakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi mavuto poyesa njira yobisika yolembera insulin mthupi la munthu.
Kuchita insulin mankhwala muubwana
Mankhwala a insulin mu ana amafunika kuchita payekha ndipo amafunikira zinthu zambiri ndi zochitika za thupi la mwana posankha njira.
Mukamasankha mtundu wa insulin yothandizira mtundu wa 1 matenda ashuga mwa ana, makonda amaperekedwa kwa 2- ndi 3-fold ya mankhwala okhala ndi insulin mthupi la mwana.
Chowonjezera cha mankhwala a insulin mwa ana ndi kuphatikiza kwa insulin ndi nthawi ina yochita kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa jakisoni patsiku.
Kwa ana omwe ali ndi zaka zopitilira 12, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolimbikitsira yochizira.
Mbali ina ya thupi la mwana imazindikira kwambiri za insulin poyerekeza ndi thupi la munthu wamkulu. Izi zimafunikira endocrinologist kusintha pang'onopang'ono mlingo wa insulin yomwe mwana akutenga. Ngati mwana wapezeka ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga, ndiye kuti kusinthaku kuyenera kugundika pakati pamagawo awiri ndi jakisoni imodzi, ndipo malire okwanira ovomerezeka osasintha nthawi imodzi sayenera kupitirira magawo anayi.
Kuti muwone bwino kusinthaku, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kusintha kwa thupi kwa masiku angapo.
Popanga kusintha, ma endocrinologists samalimbikitsa nthawi yomweyo kusintha kwamankhwala omwe amachitika ndi m'mawa ndi madzulo makonzedwe a insulin mthupi la ana.
Chithandizo cha insulin ndi zotsatira za chithandizo chotere
Mukapita ku dokotala-endocrinologist, odwala ambiri amakhala ndi nkhawa chifukwa chofunsa momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira ndi insulin komanso zomwe zingachitike pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala a insulin.
Mulingo uliwonse, njira yeniyeni yovomerezeka imapangidwa ndi endocrinologist. Pakadali pano, zolembera zapadera za syringe zakonzedwa kuti odwala azigwiritsa ntchito moyenera. Potsirizira izi, ma insulin omwe amakhala ndi singano yochepa kwambiri ya insulin angagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Kuchiza ndi insulin kwa wodwala matenda a shuga kumachitika molingana ndi chiwembu chotsatira:
- Musanayambe kuchita insulin, kulowetsa insulin mthupi, kugwiritsa ntchito jakisoniyo.
- Kudya sikuyenera kuchitika pasanathe mphindi 30 kuchokera pakumwa mankhwala.
- Mlingo woyenera kwambiri wa kasodzi m'modzi sayenera kupitirira 30 magawo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera za syringe kumakondedwa komanso ndikutetezeka. Kugwiritsa ntchito zolembera panthawi yamankhwala kumawerengedwa bwino kwambiri pazifukwa izi:
- Kupezeka kwa singano ndi kupindika kwapadera mu cholembera kumachepetsa ululu panthawi ya jekeseni.
- Kuchita bwino kwa kapangidwe ka cholembera kumakulolani kugwiritsa ntchito chipangizochi nthawi iliyonse ndipo kulikonse, ngati kuli kotheka, kubaya insulini.
- Mitundu ina yamapenshoni amakono omwe ali ndi ma insulin. Izi zimathandiza kuphatikiza kwa mankhwalawa komanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira.
Malangizo a matenda a shuga omwe ali ndi jakisoni wa insulin akuphatikiza zotsatirazi:
- Asanadye chakudya cham'mawa, wodwala matenda ashuga amayenera kupereka insulin yochepa kapena yayitali.
- Kukhazikitsidwa kwa insulin musanadye chakudya chamadzulo kuyenera kuphatikizapo mlingo wokhala ndi kukonzekera kwakanthawi.
- Jakisoni musanadye chakudya chamadzulo, ayenera kukhala ndi insulin.
- Mlingo wa mankhwala omwe kutumikiridwa musanakagone uyenera kuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Zilonda m'thupi zitha kuchitika m'malo osiyanasiyana a thupi la munthu. Kuchuluka kwa mayeso m'dera lililonse.
Kuthiridwa mwachangu kwambiri kumachitika pamene mankhwalawa amaperekedwa pansi pa khungu pamimba.
Mavuto a insulin
Kuchita chithandizo chamankhwala, monga chithandizo china chilichonse, sikungokhala ndi zotsutsana zokha, komanso zovuta. Chimodzi mwazomwe zikuwonetsa zovuta pamavuto a insulin ndimomwe thupi limagwirira ntchito.
Matenda ofala kwambiri omwe amabwera chifukwa cha chifuwa chifukwa chaukalamba wa jekeseni mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi insulin. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza bongo zitha kukhala kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa singano yovutirapo kapena yolimba mukabayidwa, osapangidwira makonzedwe a insulin, kuphatikiza, chifukwa cha ziwengo zitha kukhala malo olakwika a jakisoni ndi zina.
Vuto linanso la mankhwala a insulin ndi kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi a wodwala komanso kukula kwa hypoglycemia m'thupi. Mkhalidwe wa hypoglycemia ndi wopatsa thupi.
Kupezeka kwa hypoglycemia kumatha chifukwa cha kuphwanya kusankha kwa mlingo wa insulin kapena kusala kudya kwanthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri glycemia imachitika chifukwa chodandaula kwambiri pamunthu.
Vuto linanso lomwe limapangitsa kuti mankhwala a insulin apangidwe ndi lipodystrophy, chizindikiro chachikulu chomwe ndi kuchepa kwa mafuta osunthika m'malo a jakisoni. Popewa kutukuka kwa vutoli, dera la jakisoni liyenera kusinthidwa.
Mu kanema munkhaniyi, njira yothandizira insulin pogwiritsa ntchito cholembera imawonetsedwa bwino.
