Pofuna kuphunzira kagayidwe kazakudya, muyenera kuwunikira mosavuta - za zomwe zili m'magazi.
Ngati chizindikirochi chili mkati mwabwinobwino, ndiye kuti izi zikutanthauza kuti kapamba amagwira ntchito modabwitsa ndipo thupi limapatsidwa mphamvu.
Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuganizira zonse zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika.
Chowunikiracho chikuyenera kuwunikiridwa ndi adotolo, chifukwa ngati mukukayika pakuzindikira, njira zina zofufuzira zitha kulimbikitsidwa.
Komanso, ngakhale ngati palibe zizindikiro za matendawa, ndiye kuti mwina kamodzi pachaka, kafukufuku uyenera kuchitidwa kwa aliyense amene ali ndi abale ake omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, onenepa kwambiri, owonjezera matenda oopsa, atatha zaka 45.
Kodi shuga ndimagazi ndi chiyani?
Kuti zitheke, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatchedwa shuga. M'malo mwake, sucrose (shuga) sangakhale m'magazi, popeza pansi pa amylase m'matumbo amawonongeka ndi shuga. Nthawi zambiri, thupi limakhazikika pamlingo wawo wopapatiza: kuyambira 3,3 mpaka 5.5 mmol / L.
Zizindikirozi ndi za abambo ndi amayi athanzi omwe amasintha m'mimba yopanda zaka 14 mpaka 59. Mwa anthu achikulire ndi amayi apakati, malirewo amakhala okwera.Akakwanitsa zaka 60, ndi 6.4 mmol / L, ndipo ana osakwana zaka ziwiri amakhala ndi shuga wotsika wa 2.7 -4.4 mmol / L, womwe umalumikizidwa ndi kusakwanira kwa chitukuko cha zida zama insulin.
Kusinthasintha kwa glycemia kumalumikizidwa ndi chakudya, mutatha kudya msanga, umafika pachimake patatha maola 1-2 (kutengera kuchuluka kwa chimbudzi cha chakudya), ndikubwerera mwachizolowezi. Izi zimatheka ndi mahomoni ochokera ku ma cell a beta a kapamba - insulin.
Imapangidwa nthawi zonse m'miyeso yaying'ono, ndipo ikagula chakudya, imayamba kutulutsa. Insulin imapereka shuga kwa chiwindi, minofu ndi minyewa ya adipose, pomwe imaphatikizidwa pazinthu zamitundu mitundu.
Mu mtundu wa matenda a shuga 1 .
Matenda a 2 a shuga amapezeka ndimatenda a metabolic:
- Insulin imapangidwa mwachizolowezi, nthawi zambiri zochulukitsidwa.
- Matani amakhala ndi chidwi chochepa cha insulin - kukana insulini.
- M'magazi mumakhala kuchuluka kwa glucose, mafuta acids, cholesterol.
- Chiwindi chimapanga glucose kwambiri ndikuphwanya glycogen.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umaphatikizidwanso ndi zovuta zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, zimayamba ndi maphunziro osakwaniritsidwa komanso nthawi yayitali ya matendawa.
Momwe mungayezere shuga?
Pofuna kudziwa momwe kagayidwe kanu kamankhwala mumapatsirana, muyenera kulumikizana ndi labotale m'mawa, mutatha kudya kwa maola 8. Pamaso pa mayeso, palibe chomwe mungamwe koma madzi oyera, ndipo zakumwa zoledzeretsa siziyenera kuperekedwa osachepera maola 24 musanachitike. Kwa masiku atatu, ndibwino kupatula zakudya zamafuta kwambiri.
Kwa tsiku simuyenera kuchezera sauna kapena kusamba, kusuta komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ngati mankhwala adalembera kapena mavitamini, mapiritsi othandizira kubereka amatengedwa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuchenjeza adokotala za izi.
Pali njira yodziwira kuchuluka kwa glycemia kunyumba pogwiritsa ntchito glucometer. Ndikofunikira ndi miyeso yambiri ya shuga kuwongolera chithandizo cha matenda ashuga.
Kuti mugwire muyeso wodziimira nokha, muyenera kubaya chala ndi chala ndi kuyika dontho la magazi pachiyeso. Zotsatira zake zidzadziwika masekondi angapo.
Zifukwa zopatuka pamachitidwe wamba
Zotsatira za miyezo zimatha kuchuluka, shuga komanso magazi ochepa. Ngati phunziroli likutsimikizira zomwe zilipo matendawa, ndiye kuti ndiwo maziko azidziwitso. Palibe zizindikiro, kusanthula kumakonda kubwerezedwa. Ngati shuga wokwezeka wapezeka, kuwunika kuchuluka kwake kumachitika.
Pakhoza kukhala zosankha izi (mmol / l): kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 6.1- woonedwa ngati prediabetes; pamwambapa 6.1- ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda ashuga, okhala ndi mtengo wotsika 3.3 - hypoglycemia, kuyambira 3.3 mpaka 5.5 - chizolowezi. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa shuga 5 7 sikwachilendo.
Zotsatira zamalire otere pakati pa matenda abwinobwino ndi matenda a shuga zimafufuza zina zowonjezera ndi kuyesa kwa shuga. Wodwalayo amapatsidwa njira yothetsera shuga momwe mumakhala 75 g.
Malinga ndi zotsatira za mayesowa, mtundu wa vuto la carbohydrate metabolism watsimikizika (onse chizindikiro mu mmol / l):
- Zomwe zimachitika musanayesedwe, mutayesedwa - mpaka 7.8. Palibe kuphwanya kusinthana.
- Pamaso mayeso, wamba, pambuyo - pamwamba 7.8, koma pansipa 11.1. Kuchepetsa kwamoto kumagwirira ntchito.
- Pamaso pa mayeso - 5.6-6.1, mutamwa shuga - mpaka 7.8. Kusokonekera kwa glycemia.
- Mayeso asanakwane, pamwamba pa 6.1, atayesedwa kuchokera pa 7.8 mpaka 11.1. Matenda a shuga.
Shuga wamagazi amatha kuchulukitsidwa popanda matenda: kupsinjika, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusuta, kusangalala, kumwa mankhwala okodzetsa, khofi ndi mahomoni. Hyperglycemia imatha kupezekanso m'matenda a endocrine dongosolo lawo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ntchito yawo - thyrotooticosis, acromegaly, stomatostatinoma, pheochromocytoma.
Matenda a kapamba amathandizanso shuga wamagazi, ndikupangitsa kuchuluka kwake: kapamba, njira zotupa. Hyperglycemia imayendera limodzi ndi matenda a impso ndi hepatitis, mafuta a chiwindi. Pakukhudzidwa kwa mtima, mikwingwirima ndi kuvulala, kuopsa kwa matenda amayeza (mosazindikira) ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Mwazi wamagazi ungathe kuchepa ndi zotupa zoyipa zamitundu yambiri, kuchepa kwa endocrine gland, makanda asanakwane, malabsorption am'matumbo m'matumbo, kusala kudya kwa nthawi yayitali, poyizoni ndi arsenic, mowa, antihistamines, anabolics ndi amphetamine.
Chochititsa chachikulu kwambiri cha hypoglycemia ndi matenda ashuga. Kuchita zotere kumachitika ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo a insulin kapena mapiritsi ochepetsa shuga, kulumpha chakudya ndi matenda a shuga, osagwirizana ndi insulin, ndikulimbitsa thupi, kumwa zakumwa zoledzeretsa.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi?
Ngati kulekerera kwa glucose, komanso kuthamanga kwa glucose, mungathe kuchitapo kanthu kuti muchepetse kuchepa kwa kagayidwe kazakudya. Kuti muchite izi, gawo loyamba ndikukhazikitsa zakudya zoyenera.
Pali njira zingapo zochiritsira zakudya, popeza kulemera kwa thupi ndikofunikira. Ndi onenepa kwambiri, chiopsezo cha kusintha kwa matenda a shuga ku matenda ashuga ndiwokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa anthu wamba. Choopsa kwambiri ndimafuta m'mimba kuti apange shuga wachiwiri.
Kuchepa kwa thupi ngakhale 5 makilogalamu kumatha kukana kuyendetsa bwino shuga. Odwala onenepa amapatsidwa zakudya zamafuta ochepa, zomwe zimaphatikizapo nsomba zamafuta ochepa, nsomba zam'madzi, nkhuku, nyama yochepa mafuta, masamba abwino komanso ophika (malinga ndi zoletsa), zipatso zopanda mafuta, ndi mafuta a masamba.
Kuti muchepetse kulemera kwamthupi moyenera, muyenera kutsatira zakudya zomwe mumadya pafupipafupi ndi masamba okwanira kuchokera ku chinangwa, masamba atsopano ndi zipatso zosapsa. Zakudya zamasamba zimaphatikizidwa mumenyu momwe mumapangidwira masaladi atsopano ndi mafuta a masamba. Kuphika ndi kudyetsedwa kumaloledwa, ndizosatheka mwachangu mu batala kapena mafuta.
Zakudya zokhala ndi shuga ndi ufa woyera, maswiti, maswiti, confectionery ndi ufa wa zipatso, zipatso zamzitini, zakudya zophikira, zosunga, zipatso zotsekemera, zakudya zamafuta ndi yokazinga, nyama yamafuta ndi mkaka wazakudya zamafuta ambiri, zakudya zazakudya, tchipisi, masisiti am'mafakitale samachotsedwa muzakudya kupanga, mkaka wokhala pansi, ayisikilimu, margarine.
Zochepa zomwe muyenera kugwiritsa:
- Porridge, casseroles, mkate.
- Mbatata, nthochi, mphesa, mphesa zouma ndi masiku.
- Beets yophika, dzungu ndi kaloti.
- Pasitala.
Zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga okhala ndi zotsekemera ziyeneranso kudyedwa ndizochepa kwambiri kuti azitha kulemera, chifukwa zomwe zili mkati mwa caloric ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamaphatikizanso zinthu zomwe zingalimbikitse kutulutsa kwa insulin, komwe kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa kukana.
Kuphatikiza pa zakudya zamagulu olimbitsa thupi, odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lodana ndi matenda ashuga amalimbikitsidwa kuti achulukitse gawo lawo la masewera olimbitsa thupi posankha mtundu uliwonse wa masewera olimbitsa thupi mwakufuna kwawo. Izi zitha kukhala zochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, kusambira, ma Pilates, masewera a masewera, aerobics, yoga, kuyenda kwa Nordic.
Ndikofunikira kuti mitolo ikhale yotheka, yokhazikika komanso yosangalatsa. Pofuna kusiya kukula kwa matenda ashuga, muyenera kuchita osachepera mphindi 150 pa sabata. Pamaso pa matenda oopsa kwambiri kapena kulephera kwa mtima, mtundu wamtolo ndi kulimba kwake uyenera kuyanjanitsidwa ndi mtima.
Pokhapokha pothana ndi vuto la kudya komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, dokotala atha kuphatikiza mankhwala opangidwa ndi metformin pochiza matenda am'mbuyomu omwe ali ndi kunenepa kwambiri. Pamsika wamankhwala, amapezeka pansi pa mayina ogulitsa: Siofor, Glyukofazh, Metfogamma, Glycomet.
Mpaka pano, ndi mankhwalawa okha omwe awonetsa kugwira ntchito kwake poletsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga ndi kuphwanya kwamphamvu kwa kagayidwe kazakudya komanso kunenepa kwambiri. Metformin sikuchepetsa shuga m'magazi, koma amalepheretsa kupanga kwa chiwindi mu chiwindi ndi kuwonongeka kwa glycogen kupita ku mamolekyulu a glucose.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukonzekera kwa metformin kumakulitsa chidwi cha minofu kuzichita zawo, motero zimachepetsa zomwe zili m'magazi. Njira imeneyi imathandizira kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa thupi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwambiri kwa insulin kumapangitsa kuti mafuta azikula kwambiri.
Zambiri za prediabetes zikuwonetsedwa mu kanema munkhaniyi.
