Selo lililonse la pancreatic limatha kupanga ma enzyme ofunikira kuti muchepetse chakudya komanso njira zofunika m'matumbo aang'ono.
Kuphatikiza apo, maselo a endocrine amafunikira kupanga glucagon ndi insulin, yomwe imayang'anira kuwongolera kwa kagayidwe kazakudya ndi mphamvu. Amakhala ofanana mu kapangidwe ka cholecystokinin wapadera, kamene kamayang'anira njira ya bile katulutsidwe, ndipo zimathandizanso mamvekedwe a bile ducts.
Udindo wa kapamba m'mimba
Ntchito za kapamba mwa munthu aliyense zimacheperachepera:
- · Kupanga michere yogaya chakudya moyenera.
- · Madzi a pancreatic amapanga chinthu chapadera chomwe chimakhudzana ndi kuphwanya mafuta, zakudya zama protein ndi mapuloteni.
- · Zakudya zofunikira zimalowetsa m'mimba momwemonso zakudya zomwe zimadyedwa, koma zimatengedwa ndikuthandizidwa ndi ma metabolic pokhapokha zidasungunuka m'matumba osavuta kwambiri omwe amapezeka m'matumbo aang'ono.
Chowoneka mosiyana ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka chakudya ka munthu ndikutha kusintha mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa michere ya pancreatic madzi chifukwa cha maselo a gland. Izi zimadalira kwathunthu pazinthu zomwe zidawonongeka.
Ndiye chifukwa cha ichi kuti mankhwala onse omwe ali ndi zamankhwala zamakono azitsamba kuti adzagawanitse zakudya ndi mfundo zake. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti asamadye mapuloteni komanso chakudya chamagulu kamodzi pa chakudya chimodzi.
Ntchito ya kapamba mwa munthu aliyense ndikuti ma enzymes ake, omwe amapukusa zakudya, amalowa mu madzi a pancreatic mwa mawonekedwe ake. Ngati palibe zolepheretsa kutuluka kwa katulutsidwe, ndiye kuti mayendedwe ake amawonedwa mu lumen ya duodenum chifukwa cha mphamvu ya entokinase, enzyme yapadera.
Zomwe zimanenedwazi zimatenga nawo gawo pokonza chakudya chomwe chikubwera. Enterokinase katulutsidwe amapezeka nembanemba wa duodenum pokhapokha ngati pang'ono la bile limapezeka mu lumen. Chifukwa cha kutenga nawo gawo kwa enzyme, kutembenuza kwa trypsinogen kukhala trypsin kumayamba, komwe kumatsegulira zinthu zina zonse zofunika pakugaya ndi kuperesa kwa mapuloteni.
Zinthu zina zilizonse zofunika kuti pakhale chakudya chokwanira komanso zapamwamba kwambiri sizitha kuchita zinthu mwachangu komanso mosasinthika kuposa ma enzymes apamba. Amayamba ntchito yawo pafupifupi mphindi ziwiri mpaka zitatu magawo atatha kudya m'mimba ndipo amakhala mpaka maola 14 kuchokera nthawi yomwe chakudya chatha.
Tisaiwale kuti chofunikira chogaya chiwalochi chimatha kukwaniritsa "ntchito" zake pokhapokha bile likakhala lokwanira. Enzyme iyi ndi yovuta kupanga ndipo imatha kukhala poyambitsa kutseguka kwa zinthu za proteinolytic, komanso imaphwanya (emulsify) zinthu za lipid chilengedwe, kuzisandutsa madontho ang'ono. Pokhapokha pazinthu zoterezi zinthu zimatha kulowa m'magazi, zitagawika mu monoglycerides ndi mafuta acids.
Ndikofunikira kuti tiwunikenso kuti gulu la zakudya zoyenera komanso zoyenera siziyenera kuzimiririka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale michere yokwanira yomwe imapangidwa m'thupi la munthu kuti ipangike chakudya chochuluka.
Ndi chifukwa ichi kuti chithandizo chamankhwala choloweza m'malo chimakhazikitsidwa, ngati kuli koyenera, kupondereza michere ya m'mimba mu kapamba, akuvutika ndi kutupa. Ma Enzymes ofomera zachilengedwe sangathe kukhutiritsa kufunikira kwa chinthu ichi.
Mlingo wa kutengapo gawo kwa ziwonetserozo m'thupi
Monga taonera kale, gawo laling'ono limachita ntchito zambiri ndipo ntchito iliyonse ya kapamba ndiyofunikira, koma ndizovuta kuzikwanitsa. Zikondamoyo zimayendetsa pafupifupi njira zonse za metabolic ndipo zimakhudza kukonza kwa chakudya champhamvu m'mimba. Izi ndichifukwa cha maselo a Langerhans-Sobolev, omwe amawonetsedwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa glucagon ndi insulin.
Ngati zida zogwiritsidwira ntchito zimakhudzidwa ndi ma virus kapena kuyambika kwa matenda a sclerosis kumayamba (chifukwa cha matenda am'mbuyomu), ndiye kuti insulin yotupa imakulirakulira m'thupi ndipo wodwalayo amayamba kukhala mtundu wa matenda ashuga. Mawonekedwe owopsa kwambiri ndi pancreatic necrosis.
Kukula kwa matenda a shuga mellitus kumadalira kwathunthu kuchuluka kwa maselo omwe adasungidwa ndikugwira ntchito moyenera. Pachifukwa ichi, ndikofunikira kukhala akhama kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa chithandizo cha zovuta zomwe zimakhudza kapamba. Njira zotere ndi njira yoyenera komanso kupewa koyenera kwa matenda ovuta kwambiri awa a endocrine.
Ma mahomoni ena aumunthu ali ofanana mu mphamvu ya glucagon ndipo amapangidwa ndi tinthu tina ta endocrine. Mwachitsanzo, mahomoni a steroid amapangidwa ndi ma adrenal glands ndipo amatha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa shuga mu seramu yamagazi. Njira yofananira imathandizira kuti posagwiritsa ntchito shuga, kuperewera kwenikweni sikukumveka ndi thupi.
