Kukula kwa matenda ashuga kumachitika ndi kupangika kwa insulini mu kapamba. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwonongeko cha autoimmune cha maselo a beta ndipo chimadziwika ndi mtundu woyamba.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa nthendayi imachitika chifukwa chakuti thupi silimayamwa ndi insulini yotulutsa chifukwa cha kulumikizika komwe kulipo pakati pa iye ndi ma receptor ake m'chiwindi ndi minyewa ya adipose, komanso minofu.
Mosasamala kanthu za zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ashuga, amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi ndipo zizindikiro zonse zowawa kwa wodwala zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi izi.
Chifukwa chake, funso lofunikira kwambiri kwa odwala matenda ashuga ndi momwe angachepetsere shuga kuti azichotsa mofulumira kufooka, ludzu losalekeza, kuyamwa pafupipafupi, kuyabwa kwa khungu.
Kuchepetsa msanga shuga ndi mtundu 1 shuga
Kuti mukwaniritse kuchepa kwa shuga osagwiritsa ntchito insulin yanu, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira. Nthawi zambiri mankhwalawa amaperekedwa kwa odwala kuyambira masiku oyamba a matendawa komanso moyo. Popeza maselo samalandira zakudya popanda insulini, shuga wambiri amawononga mphamvu yamanjenje ndikuwononga mitsempha yamagazi.
Popanda kuthandizira mankhwalawa, odwala omwe ali ndi mtundu woyamba wa matenda a shuga amatha kugwa, ndipo umatha. Kuphatikiza apo, kusowa kwambiri kwa insulini kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchepa kwa ma elekitirodi, odwala amachepetsa thupi, ngakhale kuti amakhala ndi chidwi chambiri.
Pakukhazikitsa mankhwala a insulin, njira zingapo zoyendetsera insulin yaumunthu zomwe zimapezeka ndi ma genetic engineering zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kubweretsa gawo la insulin yoyang'anira pafupi ndi chobisika cha munthu wathanzi, kuphatikiza mankhwalawa ndi ma insulin a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Kuti muchepetse magazi mwachangu muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othandizira a insulin. Njira yotere ya insulin imathandizira kuchepa kwa hyperglycemia ndipo imalepheretsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi m'magazi a magazi.
Kuphatikiza komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse ndi:
- Pamaso kadzutsa - yochepa komanso yayitali insulin
- Pamaso chakudya chamasana - insulin yochepa.
- Musanadye chakudya chamadzulo, pitilizani insulin yochepa.
- Usiku - yaitali insulin.
Pakutupa kwachilengedwe, insulin m'magawo ang'onoang'ono nthawi zonse imalowa m'magazi, kuphatikiza usiku. Izi zimatchedwa secretion basal ndipo pafupifupi gawo limodzi pa ola limodzi. Nthawi zambiri, pakulimbitsa thupi, kupatula kwa basal kumachepa. Ndipo nthawi ya chakudya, mayunitsi 1-2 amaperekedwa kwa magazi pa 10 g iliyonse ya chakudya. Katemera wa insuliniyu amatchedwa secretion wolimbikitsidwa.
Ndi mankhwala a insulin olimbitsa, kubisala kwapansi pa insulini kumatenga nthawi yayitali, komanso kuyeserera kwakanthawi kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya. Komabe, palibe gawo limodzi lomwe silisintha mwa wodwala pakapita nthawi. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kuyang'ana pa mbiri ya glycemic kuti muchepetse mwachangu komanso moyenera mawonekedwe a matenda ashuga.
Kodi mungachepetse bwanji shuga ndi mtundu 2 shuga?
Pofuna kuchepetsa msanga wamagazi mwa wodwala wokhala ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga, mankhwala ochokera ku gulu la zotumphukira za sulfonylurea amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe akuphatikizapo Glibenclamide, Diabeteson, Amaryl, Manninil. Mankhwalawa amalimbikitsa kapangidwe ka insulin m'maselo a beta. Amakhala ndi mayamwidwe othamanga komanso ogwira ntchito kwambiri.
Gulu la mankhwalawa limalimbikitsa kubisala ndi insulin chifukwa chakudya, chifukwa chake, kuperekera matenda ashuga 2 kungakulitse kuchuluka kwa insulin m'magazi, kukana kwa ma receptor, ndikuwonjezera kulemera.
Amaryl amathandizira kwambiri kuteteza insulin. Zimawonjezera kaphatikizidwe ka glycogen, zimathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka mafuta ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala tsiku lonse.
Chifukwa chake, kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi, ndikokwanira kugwiritsa ntchito kamodzi m'mawa.
Mankhwala omwe amatha kuthana ndi insulin samangothandiza shuga wotsika wamagazi, komanso amathandizanso kagayidwe ka mafuta m'thupi. Gululi limaphatikizapo Siofor, Glucofage (mankhwala ozikidwa pa metformin), komanso Acos ndi Pioglar. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumachepetsa chiopsezo cha zovuta zamatenda a shuga.
Mankhwala otsatirawa amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga:
- Zochita pang'onopang'ono za insulin zophatikizira: Starlix ndi NovoNorm; akagwiritsidwa ntchito, shuga wamagazi amatsika pambuyo kudya. Kuchuluka kwa zochitika kumachitika ola limodzi pambuyo pa utsogoleri.
- Alpha glucosidase inhibitor. Mankhwala Glucobai amalepheretsa kuwonongeka ndi kuyamwa kwa shuga m'matumbo. Ntchito zina mankhwala.
- Mphamvu za ma impretins - mahomoni am'mimba, omwe amathandizira kutulutsa kwa insulin ndikuletsa kupanga kwa glucagon, amalimbikitsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa glucose, komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa glycogen. Gululi limaphatikizapo Onglisa, Januvius, Baeta.
Kuchepetsa shuga
Nthawi zambiri kumafunso, omwe amachititsa odwala matenda ashuga - momwe angachepetse shuga m'magazi, yankho la ambiri omwe amatsatira ma endocrinologists ndi: "Chotsani shuga ndi zakudya zokhala ndi ufa oyera kuchokera kuzakudya." Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kwa odwala matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda, chakudya ndiye njira yayikulu yochiritsira, ndipo ndi mtundu woyamba, njira yobwezerera chipukuta misozi.
Mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga, insulin imayendetsedwa molingana ndi zakudya zomwe zimamwa. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kuwerengetsa mosamala kuchuluka kwa magawo azakudya mu zinthu kuti nthawi yomweyo muziyamwa michere yonse yazakudya, koma osalola shuga wambiri.
Kulumpha zakudya za anthu odwala matenda ashuga ndi koopsa monga kusakhala ndi insulini. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa zakudya motengera kuchuluka kwa jakisoni. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti mupewe kuukira kwa hypoglycemic, muyenera kukhala ndi chakudya chomwe chingathe kubwezeretsa shuga m'magazi: msuzi wokoma, mapiritsi a shuga, uchi, shuga.
Popeza hyperinsulinemia ndiye maziko a kuchuluka kwa thupi ndi zovuta zina za metabolic mu mtundu 2 matenda a shuga, chithandizo cha zakudya m'magawo angapo motsatizana ndichofunikira kwa odwalawo. Pa gawo loyamba, ziletso zotsatirazi zimayambitsidwa:
- Chotsani mafuta oyengereza azakudya.
- Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kashiamu wambiri.
- Kuchepetsa mafuta amanyama.
- Kuchepetsa mchere mpaka 6 g patsiku.
Ndi kukana kwathunthu mafuta osavuta, amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito zotsekemera zachilengedwe - fructose, sorbitol, xylitol ndi stevia a mtundu 2 wa shuga, komanso omwe amapangidwa (saccharin, aspartame). Mafuta osasamba ayenera kuwirikiza nyama. Kuphatikizidwa kwa CHIKWANGWANI chakumaso kuchokera kumasamba ndi zipatso zopanda zipatso. Chakudya chimatengedwa nthawi zosachepera 5-6.
Pochepetsa kuchepa thupi, masiku osala kudya masamba kapena nsomba, nyama kapena mkaka amalimbikitsidwa. Ngati kusintha kwa zakudya zomwe zachitika sizinakwaniritse - wodwalayo sangataye thupi kwambiri, ndiye kuti amapitilira gawo lachiwiri - zakudya zomwe zili ndi index yotsika ya glycemic.
Njira yakudyayi imaphatikizapo kudya zakudya zomwe sizimapangitsa kuti shuga azingowonjezereka komanso kupatsa insulini m'magazi.
Mndandanda wa glycemic umatanthauzanso njira yokonzekera malonda. Zimatsimikiziridwa ndi matebulo apadera. Mfundo zofunika kwambiri pakumanga koyenera kudya ndikusowa kwa njala. Gawo lachitatu limachitika ndi kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zakudya zilizonse, ngakhale zovuta.
M'malo mwa shuga muyenera kukhala opanda ma calorie - aspartame, saccharin, stevia.
Mwazi wamagazi akutsitsa zitsamba
Ochiritsa achikhalidwe akhala akudziwa momwe angachepetse shuga. Mpaka pano, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa phytopreparations sikunataye kufunika kwake chifukwa chogwira ntchito komanso modekha, kukhudzana pang'ono.
Mankhwala azitsamba amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza ndi zakudya zoyenera pakukonzekera kulekerera kwa chakudya chamagulu, komanso ndi shuga yofatsa. M'magawo otsalawo, mankhwala ophatikizira ndi mankhwala a zitsamba amapatsidwa mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi, kuwonjezera mphamvu, chitetezo chokwanira, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito a impso ndi mtsempha wamagazi.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochokera ku mankhwala azomera, insulin sensitivity, kulowa kwa glucose mu cell ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwake kumakhala bwino. Zitsamba zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu shuga zimachepetsa shuga m'magazi ndikuchepetsa matenda a lipid, zimathandizira kuchepetsa kunenepa kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri, mankhwala azitsamba a shuga mellitus mu zovuta chithandizo amatsitsa shuga. Mothandizirana, mbewu zitha kugawidwa m'magulu:
- Kubwezeretsa maselo a beta a kapamba: udzu wowuma, muzu wa elecampane, udzu wa wort wa St.
- Yambitsani ntchito yopanga insulin: tsamba la bay, anyezi, sinamoni, muzu wa ginger, red Herb, letesi, udzu winawake, ma almond.
- Amakhala ndi mahomoni ofanana ndi insulin, arginine, inositol: tsamba la walnut, nyemba, dandelion, mabulosi (galega), nyemba, soya, mphodza.
- Muli ndi antioxidants, myrtillin: periwinkle, ginseng, blueberries, blueberries, madzi a anyezi, prickly peyala cactus, aronia ndi phulusa lofiira la mapiri.
- Adaptogens, tonic: Schisandra, Eleutherococcus, ananyamuka m'chiuno.
Mu kanema munkhaniyi, maphikidwe a wowerengeka a anthu ochepetsa magazi amawonetsedwa.
