Matenda a shuga ndi matenda omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha zovuta zina zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha kusowa kwathunthu kapena kuperewera kwa insulin ya mahomoni ofunikira kuti apatse maselo amthupi mphamvu zamitundu.
Kafukufuku akuwonetsa kuti padziko lapansi pamasekondi asanu aliwonse munthu mmodzi amatenga matendawa, amafa masekondi 7 aliwonse.
Matendawa amatsimikizira kuti ali ngati mliri wopatsirana wazaka zathu zino. Malinga ndi kulosera kwa WHO, pofika chaka cha 2030 matenda ashuga azikhala m'malo 7 chifukwa chaimfa, ndiye funso nlakuti "kodi mankhwala a shuga adzapangidwa liti?" zogwirizana kwambiri kuposa kale.
Kodi matenda ashuga angachiritsidwe?
Matenda a shuga ndi matenda osachiritsika amoyo omwe sangathe kuchiritsidwa. Komabe ndizotheka kuyendetsa njira zamankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito njira ndi maukadaulo angapo:
- ukadaulo wamankhwala am'mimbamu, womwe umapereka njira zitatu zochepetsera kumwa kwa insulin;
- kugwiritsa ntchito insulin m'mapiritsi, pansi pazofanana, adzafunika kulowa theka;
- njira yopangira khungu la ma pancreatic beta.
Kuchepetsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi, zakudya zamafuta ndi mankhwala azitsamba zimatha kuyimitsa zizindikirazo komanso kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, koma simungasiye kumwa mankhwala a odwala matenda ashuga. Pakalipano lero titha kulankhula zokhudzana ndi kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda ashuga.
Kodi zopambana za matenda ashuga pazaka zingapo zapitazi ndi ziti?
Zaka zaposachedwa, mitundu ingapo ya mankhwala ndi njira zochizira matenda a shuga yapangidwa. Ena amathandizira kuchepetsa thupi pomwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zoyipa ndi contraindication.
Tikukamba za chitukuko cha insulin monga chofanana ndi chopangidwa ndi thupi la munthu.. Njira zoperekera ndi kuyendetsa matenda a insulin zikukwera kwambiri chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito mapampu a insulin, omwe amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa jakisoni ndikupangitsa kuti akhale bwino. Izi zikuyenda kale.
Pampu ya insulin
Mu 2010, mu magazini yolemba zofufuza za Nature, ntchito ya Pulofesa Erickson idasindikizidwa, yemwe adakhazikitsa ubale wa mapuloteni a VEGF-B ndikugawa kwamafuta mumankhwala komanso mawonekedwe awo. Matenda a 2 a shuga amalephera ku insulin, yomwe imalonjeza kuchuluka kwa mafuta m'misempha, mitsempha yamagazi ndi mtima.
Pofuna kupewa izi ndikusunga maselo a minyewa kuti ayankhe ku insulin, asayansi aku Sweden apanga ndikuyesa njira yochizira matenda amtunduwu, omwe amachokera mu njira yolepheretsa njira yakuwonetsa ya vascular endothelial grow factor VEGF-B.Mu 2014, asayansi aku United States ndi Canada adalandira maselo a beta kuchokera ku mluza waumunthu, womwe umatha kupanga insulin pamaso pa glucose.
Ubwino wa njirayi ndi kuthekera kopeza maselo ambiri otere.
Koma maselo obisika adzafunika kutetezedwa, chifukwa adzaukiridwa ndi chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu. Pali njira zingapo zowatetezera - polimbitsa maselo ndi hydrogel, salandila michere kapena kuyika dziwe la maselo a beta osabadwa.
Njira yachiwiri ili ndi mwayi wambiri chifukwa imagwirira ntchito komanso kuchita bwino. Mu 2017, STAMPEDE adafalitsa kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi chithandizo cha matenda ashuga.
Zotsatira za kuwunika kwazaka zisanu zikuwonetsa kuti "atachitidwa opaleshoni ya metabolic", ndiye kuti, opaleshoni, gawo limodzi mwa odwala lidasiya kumwa insulini, pomwe ena adachoka popanda chithandizo chotsitsa shuga. Kupeza kofunikira kumeneku kunachitika motsutsana ndi kumbuyo kwa chitukuko cha ma bariatrics, omwe amapereka chithandizo cha kunenepa kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake, kupewa matendawa.
Kodi mankhwala a matenda ashuga a 1 amapangidwa liti?
Ngakhale matenda ashuga a mtundu woyamba amaonedwa ngati osachiritsika, asayansi aku Britain adakwanitsa kupanga mankhwala omwe amatha "kupatutsanso" maselo othandizira omwe amapanga insulin.
Kumayambiriro, kuphatikizako kunaphatikizapo mankhwala atatu omwe adayimitsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo omwe amapanga insulin. Kenako enzyme alpha-1-antirepsin, yomwe imabwezeretsa maselo a insulin, idawonjezeredwa.
Mu 2014, kuyanjana kwa matenda a shuga 1 amtundu wa coxsackie kudadziwika ku Finland. Zinadziwika kuti 5% yokha mwa anthu omwe amapezeka ndi matenda amenewa amadwala matendawa. Katemera angathandizenso kuthana ndi meningitis, otitis media ndi myocarditis.
Chaka chino, kuyesa kwa katemera kuti athetse kusintha kwa matenda amtundu wa 1 adzachitika. Ntchito ya mankhwalawa ndikutukula kusatetezeka kumatenda, osati kuchiritsa matendawa.
Kodi mankhwala oyamba a matenda ashupi oyamba padziko lonse lapansi ndi ati?
Njira zonse zochiritsira zitha kugawidwa m'magawo atatu:
- kufalikira kwa kapamba, minyewa yake kapena maselo amodzi;
- immunomodulation - cholepheretsa kuukira kwa maselo a beta ndi chitetezo cha mthupi;
- beta cell kukonza.
Cholinga cha njirazi ndikubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa maselo a beta.
Maselo a Melton
Kalelo mu 1998, Melton ndi ogwira nawo ntchito adapatsidwa mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa ma ESC ndikuwasintha kukhala maselo omwe amapanga insulin mu kapamba. Ukadaulo uwu udzapanganso maselo a ma beta okwana mamiliyoni 200 pamlingo wa mamililita 500, zomwe zimafunikira kuti wodwala m'modzi azitha.
Maselo a Melton angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza matenda amtundu woyamba 1, komabe pakufunika njira yopewera maselo kuti asemedwenso. Chifukwa chake, Melton ndi ogwira nawo ntchito akuganiza momwe angakhalire ndi masitepe oyambira.
Maselo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zovuta za autoimmune. Melton akuti ali ndi mizere yambiri mu labotale, yotengedwa kuchokera kwa anthu athanzi, komanso kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga a mitundu yonse iwiri, pomwe ma cell a beta samwalira.
Maselo a Beta amapangidwa kuchokera m'mizere kuti adziwe zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Komanso, maselo azithandizira kusintha kuzungulira kwa zinthu zomwe zitha kuyimitsa kapenanso kusintha kuwonongeka kochitidwa ndi matenda ashuga kupita ku maselo a beta.
M'malo a cell T
Asayansi adatha kusintha maselo amtundu wa T, omwe ntchito yawo inali kuwongolera kayendedwe ka chitetezo cha mthupi. Maselo amenewa anatha kuletsa maselo oopsa "oopsa".
Ubwino wakuchiza matenda ashuga omwe ali ndi maselo T ndi kuthekera kopanga chida cha immunosuppression pa chiwalo china popanda kuphatikiza chitetezo chathupi chonse.
Maselo obwezerezedwanso T amayenera kupita mwachindunji kwa kapamba kuti asawonongeke, ndipo ma cell a chitetezo sangakhale nawo.
Mwina njirayi idzalowa m'malo mwa insulin. Mukamayambitsa maselo a T kwa munthu yemwe akungoyamba kumene matenda ashuga amtundu 1, amchiza matenda amtunduwu.
Katemera wa Coxsackie
Zovuta za ma virus serotypse 17 zinasinthidwa kukhala chikhalidwe cha RD ndi zina 8 kukhala chikhalidwe cha Vero cell. Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu 9 ya kachilombo ka Katemera wa akalulu ndi mwayi wopeza sera yeniyeni.
Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa kachilombo ka Koksaki A virus ka serotypes 2,4,7,9 ndi 10, IPVE inayamba kupanga sera yokufufuza.
N`zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu 14 ya kachilombo pakuwonjezera maphunziro a ma antibodies kapena othandizira mu magazi a seramu ya ana mu kulowerera.
Kusintha kwa maselo opanga insulin
Njira yatsopano pakuphatikizira imaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito maselo okhala ndi insulin-secreting, yomwe imayenera kuthandiza odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga 1.Olemba za phunziroli m'machitidwe awo adawonetsa maselo a pancreatic duct, omwe mwina akhoza kukhala gwero lothandiza kwa maselo.
Mwa kukonzanso maselo, asayansi adatha kuwapangitsa kuti apange insulin ngati maselo a beta poyankha shuga.
Tsopano kugwira ntchito kwa maselo kumawonedwa mu mbewa zokha. Asayansi pakadali pano sakunena za zotsatira zenizeni, komabe mwayi ulipo wothandizira odwala matenda a shuga 1 amtunduwu.
Makanema okhudzana nawo
Ku Russia, pothandizira odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala aposachedwa aku Cuba. Zambiri mu kanemayo:
Kuyesera konse koteteza ndi kuchiritsa matenda a shuga kungachitike mu zaka khumi zikubwerazi. Kukhala ndi matekinoloje amenewa ndi njira zothandizira, mutha kuzindikira malingaliro olimba mtima kwambiri.
