Pafupifupi makumi asanu ndi anayi peresenti ya matenda onse a shuga amapezeka mu mtundu 2 wa shuga, omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi mtundu woyamba. Ngati kapamba a mtundu woyamba wa diabetes asiyiratu kupanga ma insulin, ndiye kuti ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga umawupanga, koma thupi silingamwe.
Kuphatikiza apo, matendawa amasokoneza kuthekera kwa glucose, motero wodwalayo amayamba kukhala ndi hyperglycemia, yomwe imayambitsa zovuta zingapo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa zoyambira zamatenda ndi momwe zimakhudzira thupi kuti muphunzire kudya momwe mungadyere bwino pokonzanso mphamvu zamankhwala.
Pancreas wathanzi nthawi zonse amatulutsa insulini, yomwe imathandiza shuga kuchokera ku chakudya kusinthika kukhala mphamvu yofunikira kupatsa mphamvu maselo ndi minyewa. Koma mwa wodwala yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a 2, maselo sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito insulin ngati pakufunika. Vutoli limatchedwa insulin kukana.
Pancreas poyamba amapanga insulin yochulukirapo kuposa momwe amafunikira kukhutitsa khungu lililonse. Komabe, kubisalira kwambiri kwa mahomoni kumatha mphamvu kapamba, komwe kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi am'magazi komanso kumayambitsa hyperglycemia, chomwe ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda ashuga. Ngati mtengo wabwinobwino wa 3.3 - 5.5 mmol / L wapitilira, kuyezetsa kofunikira ndikofunikira.
Zowopsa
Pali mfundo zingapo zofunika zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga a 2. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti adziwe, chifukwa nthawi yoyenera ingatengedwe kupewa matenda.
Monga lamulo, njira zazikulu zodzitetezera kwa anthu omwe adalipo kale ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi, chopatsa thanzi komanso chopatsa mphamvu chamafuta, zolimbitsa thupi, komanso kuyang'anira shuga.
Zizindikiro zazikulu:
Makamaka. Malinga ndi ofufuzawo, pafupifupi mitundu zana limodzi limalumikizidwa ndi chiopsezo chotsutsa insulini. Ngati kholo limodzi lili ndi matenda amtundu wa 2, chiopsezo choti mwana wake akadwala ndi pafupifupi 40%, ngati makolo onse ali nthawi imodzi, ngozi zimakwera mpaka makumi asanu ndi awiri peresenti.
Kukhala wonenepa kwambiri kumapangitsanso kukana kwa mahomoni. Kwambiri, kudalira kokhazikika kumatha kuonekera ngati tilingalira kunenepa kwambiri pamimba, mafuta ochulukirapo akadziunjikira m'chiuno. Pafupifupi 80 peresenti ya odwala matenda ashuga ndi onenepa kwambiri kapena onenepa kwambiri.
Kupanga kwa shuga pachikhalidwe cha kunenepa kumadziwika bwino kwa madokotala. Kulemera mopitirira muyeso kumabweretsa kuchuluka kwamafuta acids aulere, omwe ndi gawo limodzi lamphamvu kwambiri. Kudzikundikira kwawo kumabweretsa insulin kukana. Mafuta achuma aulere amathandizanso kuti masoka a beta asamagwire ntchito bwino.
Kuchuluka kwa shuga mkati mwa chiwindi, komwe kumafunikira kupezeka kwa shuga. Zakudya zikapitirira maola 6 mpaka 10, shuga amaperewera. Kenako chiwindi chimayamba kuphatikiza shuga kuchokera pazinthu zina zopanda chilengedwe.
Mukatha kudya, glucose ndende imabwezeretseka, kotero kuchuluka kwa chiwindi, komwe kumayamba kudziunjikira shuga, kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Komabe, pazinthu zina, chiwindi sichichita ntchito iyi, mwachitsanzo, ndi hemochromatosis, cirrhosis, ndi zina zambiri.
Metabolic syndrome, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti insulin kukana syndrome, imadziwika ndi kukwera msanga kwa mafuta a visceral, kulakwitsa kwa lipid, carbohydrate, purine metabolism, komanso kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Pathology nthawi zambiri imayamba motsutsana ndi maziko a polycystic ovary syndrome, kusamba, matenda oopsa, kusokonezeka kwa mahomoni, komanso kuwonongeka kwa uric acid metabolism.
Kuwonongeka kwa maselo a beta omwe amapezeka mu kapamba. Ma cell amtunduwu ndi omwe amachititsa kuti insulini ipangidwe. Zoletsa zawo nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa matenda a shuga a 2.
Kumwa mankhwala. Gululi la mankhwalawa limaphatikizapo glucocorticoids, thiazides, beta-blockers. Atypical neuropeptics, titans ndi zina zotero.
Zizindikiro za matenda a shuga a 2
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti matenda amtunduwu amakula pang'onopang'ono. Pazifukwa izi, mawonekedwe ake oyamba akhoza kunyalanyazidwa mosavuta. Ngati munthu ali m'gulu lowopsa, ayenera kudziwa bwino zomwe zingachitike kuti akhale wokonzekera ndikuyamba mwachangu chithandizo chomwe chidapezeka kumayambiriro kwa matendawa.
Zakudya zoyambirira za matenda ashuga a 2 zimayambira anthu wamba, zovuta zomwe matendawa amabweretsa. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu pazakudya zoyenera kumachotsedwa pakulimbitsa thupi ndikumamwa mankhwala omwe dokotala amakupatsani.
Zizindikiro zake zikuluzikulu ndi izi:
- Udzu wokhazikika komanso kumangokhala ndi njala, ngakhale mutangodya.
- Kutopa, kufooka kwa minofu, kutopa ndi kusowa mphamvu.
- Kuchepetsa thupi mwachangu kapena kwake.
- Kukodza mwachangu, komwe kumadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mkodzo wogawanika
- Kulimbitsa khungu kosalekeza. Makamaka azimayi amamva kuyabwa mu perineum.
- Kuuma kwambiri kwa mucous nembanemba mkamwa.
- Kuzindikira kwamawonedwe. Pa matenda ashuga, kuwala, madontho akuda, kapena chophimba choyera chamaso chambiri chimaonekera patsogolo pa maso.
Ngati zakudya zoyenera sizikuwoneka, minofu siyodzaza ndi kulimbitsa thupi, zizindikirazo zimakula kwambiri. Ngati kuchuluka kwa shuga kukwera patsogolo, zakudya zokhazokha komanso masewera olimbitsa thupi sangapulumutse.
Mavuto angapo akusonyeza kuti kuyambira pano, maphikidwe azakudya ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi mankhwala omwe amachepetsa shuga m'magazi am'magazi. Wodwala amene amanyalanyaza kufunika kwa chithandizo, nthawi zambiri amati:
- Ululu m'miyendo yam'munsi.
- Kuchira pang'onopang'ono kwa mabala ndi mabala.
- Maonekedwe a foci a matenda yisiti.
- Kuchuluka kwa miyendo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda a shuga umakhudza kwambiri dongosolo la mtima la wodwala.
Chifukwa chake, oimira ogonana ofooka, chiopsezo cha vuto la mtima pafupifupi, komanso kulephera kwa mtima - kanayi.
Mfundo zachakudya zabwino za matenda ashuga
Kuphika kwa odwala matenda ashuga amtundu wa 2 kumakhala ndi zakudya zomwe sizimapangitsa kuti shuga m'magazi a m'magazi aduke. Komabe, zonse sizophweka monga momwe zimawonekera poyamba. Komabe, chakudya choterechi chimawerengedwa kuti ndi chanjala, chifukwa palibe thupi lililonse labwino lomwe lingathe kupirira.
Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kulabadira index ya glycemic ya mankhwala omwe amamwa, zomwe zimawonetsa kuthekera kwake kuwonjezera magazi. Ndikofunikira kudya chakudya chomwe mayeso ake a glycemic sapitilira 50-60.
Chifukwa chake, wodwalayo ayenera kudzikonzera yekha mndandanda wazakudya zingapo zomwe zimapangidwira tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti odwala matenda ashuga azisunga buku lawolawo, momwe zotsatira zake zalembedwere. Ndi iyo, mutha kusinthanso zakudyazo pogwiritsa ntchito mbale zina.
Ndikofunikanso kumvetsetsa kuti mbale zoyenera, zomwe zimaphika zakudya zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zidzatsagana ndi wodwalayo moyo wake wonse wotsatira, popeza chakudyacho sichikhala chosakhalitsa, koma chofunikira nthawi zonse. Ubwino wa moyo umatengera kuchilola kwa wodwalayo kutsatira malamulo onse azakudya.
Pazakudya zonse zamasiku onse, mutha kungochoka zophika, zotentha zokha ndi mafuta owiritsa. Zakudya zina zimatha kudyedwa zosaphika. Mopanda mantha, mutha kudya ndi kuphika:
- zipatso ndi zipatso. Pochulukirapo, mutha kudya zipatso zilizonse, kupatula mphesa ndi nthochi;
- nyama zilizonse zotsekemera, monga nkhuku, nkhuku, ng'ombe kapena kalulu;
- nsomba zamafuta ochepa;
- zinthu zamafuta ochepa mkaka ndi mkaka wokhala ndi mafuta osakwana 1%;
- mulingo wocheperako, mutha kudya zipatso zilizonse, phala, phala;
- tirigu wathunthu ndi mkate wa chinangwa;
- mwatsopano, mutha kudya zamasamba zilizonse. Chofunika kwambiri ndikukonza mbale kuchokera ku masamba amdima.
Nthawi yomweyo, palinso mndandanda wazakudya zoletsedwa zomwe glycemic index yake imadutsa pamtunda wa 50 point. Ngati zomwe mukuyang'ana siziri mndandanda womwe uli pansipa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kuphika, koma mosamala. Magawo oletsedwa akuphatikiza:
- chilichonse chazokazinga, zonunkhira, zosuta, zonunkhira;
- pasitala wopangidwa ndi ufa wofewa, ndi semolina ndi mipunga ya mpunga;
- msuzi wolemera, wamphamvu;
- mafuta amkaka amchere, mwachitsanzo, kirimu wowawasa, tchizi, tchizi tchizi ndi zina zotero;
- ma bun, maswiti, komanso zinthu zina, zomwe zimaphatikizapo chakudya cham'mimba mosavuta;
- masoseji aliwonse, tchizi, komanso nsomba zamitundu mitundu ndi nyama;
- mayonesi, margarine, batala.
Ndikofunikira kutsatira dongosolo ili la chakudya ngakhale chaka chimodzi, kapena ziwiri, koma moyo wonse. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti kuchotsa mtundu wachiwiri wa matenda ashuga sikutanthauza kuchira kwathunthu, chifukwa matendawa atha kubwereranso mukasiya kudya ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mankhwala othandizira odwala matenda ashuga ndizovomerezeka, kwa onse omwe ali ndi kulemera kwabwino komanso kwa odwala onenepa kwambiri. Wodwala matenda ashuga ayenera kuchepetsa zakudya zake ndi zokwanira:
- mafuta masamba;
- nsomba ndi nsomba zina zam'nyanja;
- CHINSINSI CHA Zomera, mwachitsanzo, zitsamba, masamba, zipatso, buledi.
Kuphatikiza apo, muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Zakudya zazikulu ziyenera kukhala m'mbale mu gawo lina:
- zomwe zili ndi zopatsa mphamvu (zovuta kwambiri) ziyenera kuyambira faifi kapena makumi asanu ndi asanu peresenti;
- mafuta, makamaka ochokera koyambira, osapitilira makumi atatu;
- Mapuloteni azomera kapena zochokera ku nyama atha kukhala mu mbale muyezo kuchokera pa khumi ndi zisanu mpaka makumi awiri peresenti.
Mafuta aliwonse okonzedwa mwaluso ndi zoletsedwa. Amaphatikizaponso confectionery, soseji, margarine ndi zina zotero. Zinthu izi zimathandizira kukulitsa khansa, atherosclerosis, komanso mawonekedwe a zovuta pamatetezedwe achitetezo.
Kodi ndi zakudya zamtundu wanji zomwe ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndi matenda amtundu wa 2 zomwe zidzafotokozeredwe ndi akatswiri mu vidiyoyi.
